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      A RETURN OF CLASS STRUGGLE WITHOUT CLASS? MORAL ECONOMY AND POPULAR RESISTANCE IN BRASIL, SOUTH AFRICA AND PORTUGAL Translated title: RETORNO DA LUTA DE CLASSES SEM CLASSES? ECONOMIA MORAL E RESISTÊNCIA POPULAR NO BRASIL, NA ÁFRICA DO SUL E EM PORTUGAL

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          Abstract

          Abstract Since the emergence of the crisis of capitalist globalization in 2008, the deconstruction of the Fordist wage relationship and the rising unemployment in various countries have stimulated the growth of labour informality, distancing workers from labour protection, intensifying turnover and stimulating intermittent employment. Collective bargaining has become increasingly rare and decentralized, and jobs increasingly precarious and individualized, undermining the protective capacity of the ‘moral economy of the poor’ and transforming direct action - that is, popular action without the mediation of unions and traditional political parties - into perhaps the only credible alternative for ‘precarious workers’ to express their demands in a world marked by the commodification of labour, basic services and housing. A return to the era of the ‘class struggle without class’? This is the conjecture that this article sets out to evaluate, comparing the class experience of poor and precarious workers in three countries from the so-called Global South: Portugal, South Africa and Brasil.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Desde o advento da crise da globalização capitalista iniciada em 2008, a progressiva desconstrução da relação salarial fordista e o aumento do desemprego em vários países têm estimulado o crescimento da informalidade laboral, afastando os trabalhadores da proteção trabalhista, intensificando a rotatividade e estimulando a intermitência do trabalho. As negociações coletivas foram se tornando cada vez mais raras e descentralizadas, e os contratos de trabalho cada vez mais precários e individualizados, minando a capacidade protetiva da “economia moral dos pobres” e transformando a ação direta − isto é, a ação popular sem a mediação de sindicatos e partidos políticos tradicionais − em, talvez, a única alternativa crível para o “precariado” expressar suas demandas em um mundo marcado pela mercantilização do trabalho, dos serviços essenciais para a subsistência e da moradia. Um retorno aos tempos da “luta de classes sem classes”? É o que pretendemos avaliar neste artigo a partir da comparação da experiência de classe dos trabalhadores pobres e precários em três países do chamado Sul Global: Portugal, África do Sul e Brasil.

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          THE MORAL ECONOMY OF THE ENGLISH CROWD IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

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            Rebellion of the poor: South Africa's service delivery protests – a preliminary analysis

            Since 2004, South Africa has experienced a movement of local protests amounting to a rebellion of the poor. This has been widespread and intense, reaching insurrectionary proportions in some cases. On the surface, the protests have been about service delivery and against uncaring, self-serving, and corrupt leaders of municipalities. A key feature has been mass participation by a new generation of fighters, especially unemployed youth but also school students. Many issues that underpinned the ascendency of Jacob Zuma also fuel the present action, including a sense of injustice arising from the realities of persistent inequality. While the inter-connections between the local protests, and between the local protests and militant action involving other elements of civil society, are limited, it is suggested that this is likely to change. The analysis presented here draws on rapid-response research conducted by the author and his colleagues in five of the so-called ‘hot spots’.
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              Raízes sociais e ideológicas do lulismo

              O artigo sugere hipóteses para compreender o realinhamento eleitoral que teria ocorrido em 2006. O subproletariado, que sempre se manteve distante de Lula, aderiu em bloco à sua candidatura depois do primeiro mandato, ao mesmo tempo em que a classe média se afastou dela. A explicação estaria em uma nova configuração ideológica, que mistura elementos de esquerda e de direita. O discurso e a prática, que unem manutenção da estabilidade e ação distributiva do Estado, encontram-se na raiz da formação do lulismo.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Journal
                sant
                Sociologia & Antropologia
                Sociol. Antropol.
                Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil )
                2236-7527
                2238-3875
                August 2019
                : 9
                : 2
                : 469-493
                Affiliations
                [1] São Paulo São Paulo orgnameUniversidade de São Paulo orgdiv1Department of Sociology Brazil ruy.braga@ 123456usp.br
                Article
                S2238-38752019000200469
                10.1590/2238-38752019v926
                5763cf56-2657-487c-b242-186b1933194e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 February 2018
                : 25 February 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 25
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Articles

                labour and globalization,precariat,Global South,economic crisis,Social protest,trabalho e globalização,precariado,Sul Global,crise econômica,Protesto social

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