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      Associations between emotions and psychophysiological states and confirmation bias in question formulation in ongoing simulated investigative interviews of child sexual abuse

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          Abstract

          Introduction

          In forensic settings interviewers are advised to ask as many open-ended questions as possible. However, even experts may have difficulty following this advice potentially negatively impacting an investigation. Here, we sought to investigate how emotions and psychophysiological parameters are associated with question formulation in real time in an ongoing (simulated) child sexual abuse (CSA) interview.

          Method

          In a experimental study, psychology students ( N = 60, Mage = 22.75) conducted two interviews with child avatars, while their emotions (anger, sadness, disgust, surprise and relief), GSR and heart rate (HR) were registered.

          Results

          First, we found that general emotionality related to CSA and perceived realness of the avatars was associated with stronger overall emotional reactions. Second, we found that closed (vs. open) questions were preceded by more facially observable anger, but not disgust, sadness, surprise or relief. Third, closed (vs. open) questions were preceded by higher GSR resistance and lower heart rate.

          Discussion

          Results suggest for the first time that emotions and psychophysiological states can drive confirmation bias in question formulation in real time in CSA.

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          Most cited references81

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          Heart rate variability as an index of regulated emotional responding.

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            Cognitive Load Theory and the Format of Instruction

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              Beyond valence: Toward a model of emotion-specific influences on judgement and choice

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Front Psychol
                Front Psychol
                Front. Psychol.
                Frontiers in Psychology
                Frontiers Media S.A.
                1664-1078
                28 March 2023
                2023
                : 14
                : 1085567
                Affiliations
                [1] 1Department of Psychology, Mykolas Romeris University , Vilnius, Lithuania
                [2] 2Faculty of Psychology, Meiji Gakuin University , Tokyo, Japan
                [3] 3Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University , Maastricht, Netherlands
                [4] 4Faculty of Arts and Sciences, NYU Shanghai , Shanghai, China
                [5] 5School of Natural and Social Sciences, University of Gloucestershire , Cheltenham, United Kingdom
                Author notes

                Edited by: Stefano Ferracuti, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy

                Reviewed by: Arta Dodaj, University of Zadar, Croatia; Miriam S. Johnson, Oslo Metropolitan University, Norway

                *Correspondence: Aleksandr Segal, a.segal@ 123456mruni.eu

                This article was submitted to Forensic and Legal Psychology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology

                Article
                10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1085567
                10086340
                37057165
                5774bf06-4cff-45ec-bea9-268b72108fb5
                Copyright © 2023 Segal, Bakaitytė, Kaniušonytė, Ustinavičiūtė-Klenauskė, Haginoya, Zhang, Pompedda, Žukauskienė and Santtila.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

                History
                : 31 October 2022
                : 03 March 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 4, Tables: 4, Equations: 0, References: 83, Pages: 15, Words: 12070
                Funding
                Funded by: European Regional Development Fund, doi 10.13039/501100008530;
                Award ID: 01.2.2-LMT-K-718-03-0067
                This research was funded by the European Regional Development Fund (Project No. 01.2.2-LMT-K-718-03-0067) under grant agreement with the Research Council of Lithuania.
                Categories
                Psychology
                Original Research

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                child sexual abuse,emotions,gsr,heart rate,simulated interviewing,confirmation bias,investigative interviews,avatars

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