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      Critical Lexicography at Work: Reflections and Proposals for Eliminating Gender Bias in General Dictionaries of Spanish Translated title: Kritiese leksikografie aan die werk: Gedagtes oor en voor-stelle vir die uitskakeling van gendervooroordeel in algemene Spaanse woor-deboeke

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          Abstract

          This study highlights the fact that dictionaries are ideological texts that are very influential, because millions of people regard them as sources of authority. It shows that existing general dictionaries of Spanish are so gender-biased that they contribute to the upholding of unfair situations, for example, by making women invisible and maintaining gendered traditions based on male-centred power and ideology. In order to avoid such an unfair situation, we introduce several new ideas regarding the question of language and gender. We also show how this can be put into practice in a dictionary portal that we are constructing at the time of writing this article. Therefore, this article offers several specific solutions with the aim of making women lexicographically visible, promoting the use of inclusive language in public and private discourse and eliminating gendered practices.

          Translated abstract

          in hierdie artikel word daar beklemtoon dat woordeboeke ideologiese tekste is wat 'n groot invloed uitoefen, aangesien miljoene mense woordeboeke as gesaghebbende bronne beskou. Daar word aangetoon dat bestaande algemene Spaanse woordeboeke so bevooroordeeld is t.o.v. gender dat hulle 'n bydrae lewer tot die aanmoediging van onbillike situasies, byvoorbeeld, deur vroue onsigbaar te maak en deur gendertradisies, wat gebaseer is op manlikgesentreerde mag en ideologie, te handhaaf. Om so 'n onbillike situasie te vermy, stel ons verskeie nuwe idees rondom die taal- en genderkwessie voor. Ons toon ook aan hoe dit in 'n woordeboekportaal, wat tydens die skryf van hierdie artikel deur ons saamgestel word, toegepas kan word. Hierdie artikel bied dus verskeie spesifieke oplossings aan met die doel om vroue leksikografies sigbaar te maak, om die gebruik van inklusiewe taal in die openbare en private diskoers te bevorder en om genderpraktyke uit te skakel.

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          Most cited references54

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          Language as social semiotic: the social interpretation of language and meaning

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            Gendered Talk at Work

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              Characterizing the Google Books Corpus: Strong Limits to Inferences of Socio-Cultural and Linguistic Evolution

              It is tempting to treat frequency trends from the Google Books data sets as indicators of the “true” popularity of various words and phrases. Doing so allows us to draw quantitatively strong conclusions about the evolution of cultural perception of a given topic, such as time or gender. However, the Google Books corpus suffers from a number of limitations which make it an obscure mask of cultural popularity. A primary issue is that the corpus is in effect a library, containing one of each book. A single, prolific author is thereby able to noticeably insert new phrases into the Google Books lexicon, whether the author is widely read or not. With this understood, the Google Books corpus remains an important data set to be considered more lexicon-like than text-like. Here, we show that a distinct problematic feature arises from the inclusion of scientific texts, which have become an increasingly substantive portion of the corpus throughout the 1900s. The result is a surge of phrases typical to academic articles but less common in general, such as references to time in the form of citations. We use information theoretic methods to highlight these dynamics by examining and comparing major contributions via a divergence measure of English data sets between decades in the period 1800–2000. We find that only the English Fiction data set from the second version of the corpus is not heavily affected by professional texts. Overall, our findings call into question the vast majority of existing claims drawn from the Google Books corpus, and point to the need to fully characterize the dynamics of the corpus before using these data sets to draw broad conclusions about cultural and linguistic evolution.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                lexikos
                Lexikos
                Lexikos
                Bureau of the WAT (Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa )
                1684-4904
                2224-0039
                2022
                : 32
                : spe
                : 105-132
                Affiliations
                [02] orgnameUniversity of Stellenbosch orgdiv1Department of Afrikaans and Dutch orgdiv2University of Aarhus South Africa st@ 123456cc.au.dk
                [01] orgnameUniversity of Stellenbosch orgdiv1Department of Afrikaans and Dutch orgdiv2University of Valladolid South Africa pedro@ 123456emp.uva.es
                Article
                S2224-00392022000200005 S2224-0039(22)03200000005
                10.5788/32-2-1699
                578690f9-3cd9-46d2-b8cd-6445c381c802

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

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                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 54, Pages: 28
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                SciELO South Africa

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                woordeboek,inklusiewe taal,profession NOUNS,ideology,Spanish,dictionary,inclusive language,beroeps-NAAMWOORDE,ideologie,spaans

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