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      Estado nutricional y adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en escolares de la Región de Murcia Translated title: Nutrition Status and Adherence to the Mediterran Diet in School Children from the Region of Murcia

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          Abstract

          Resumen Antecedentes: el sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil son un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial. Objetivo: analizar la relación entre el estado nutricional y la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en escolares. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal con 634 escolares de Murcia (280 niños y 354 niñas). El estado nutricional se evaluó mediante el Índice de Masa Corporal (kg/m2) y la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea mediante el cuestionario KIDMED. Resultados: no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre varones y mujeres en el Índice de Masa Corporal (p<0,101) ni en adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (p<0,954). Según la prueba ji al cuadrado de Pearson, en primaria había más escolares normopeso (p<0,002) y con mayor adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (p <0,036) y alta (p <0,001). En el grupo total los obesos usaban menos aceite de oliva (p<0,006), los normopeso tenían mayor consumo de frutos secos (p<0,001) y golosinas (p<0,032), y quienes tenían sobrepeso fueron los que menor hábito de desayunar presentaron (p<0,010). No se encontraron diferencias entre el estado nutricional y el grado de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (p<0,904). Conclusión: aunque en educación primaria en los escolares de Murcia estudiados hay mayor proporción de normopeso y adherencia a la dieta mediterránea media y alta, el estado nutricional no se asocia con el grado de adherencia a la dieta mediterránea en ninguna etapa educativa.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background: Childhood overweight and obesity are a public health problem worldwide. Objective: To analyze the relationship between nutrition status and adherence to the Mediterranean diet in school children. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study with 634 school children (280 boys and 354 girls). Nutrition status was evaluated using the body mass index (weight (kg) / height (cm) 2). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) was measured through the KIDMED questionnaire. Results: The Wann-whitney U-test showed that there are no significant differences between boys and girls in BMI (p <0.101) or in adherence to MD (p <0.954). Distinguishing by school year, the Pearson’s χ2 test showed that in Primary there are most schoolchildren with normal weight (p <0.002) and with greater adherence to medium (p <0.036) and high (p <0.001) MD. Among all students, obese students use less olive oil (p <0.006), students of normal weight have a higher consumption of nuts (p <0.001) and sweets (p <0.032), and overweight students were the least likely to regularly eat breakfast (p <0.010). No significant differences were observed between nutritional status and the degree of adherence to MD (p <0.904). Conclusion: Although in Primary school most school children are normal weight with medium to high adherence to MD nutritional status is not shown to be correlated to the degree of adherence to MD in any school year.

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          Prevalence of overweight and obesity in European children below the age of 10.

          There is a lack of common surveillance systems providing comparable figures and temporal trends of the prevalence of overweight (OW), obesity and related risk factors among European preschool and school children. Comparability of available data is limited in terms of sampling design, methodological approaches and quality assurance. The IDEFICS (Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health Effects in Children and infantS) study provides one of the largest European data sets of young children based on state-of-the-art methodology. To assess the European distribution of weight status according to different classification systems based on body mass index (BMI) in children (2.0-9.9 years). To describe the prevalence of weight categories by region, sex, age and socioeconomic position. Between 2007 and 2010, 18,745 children from eight European countries participated in an extensive, highly standardised protocol including, among other measures, anthropometric examinations and parental reports on socio-demographic characteristics. The combined prevalence of OW/obesity ranges from more than 40% in southern Europe to less than 10% in northern Europe. Overall, the prevalence of OW was higher in girls (21.1%) as compared with boys (18.6%). The prevalence of OW shows a negative gradient with social position, with some variation of the strength and consistency of this association across Europe. Overall, population groups with low income and/or lower education levels show the highest prevalence of obesity. The use of different reference systems to classify OW results in substantial differences in prevalence estimates and can even reverse the reported difference between boys and girls. There is a higher prevalence of obesity in populations from southern Europe and in population groups with lower education and income levels. Our data confirm the need to develop and reinforce European public health policies to prevent early obesity and to reduce these health inequalities and regional disparities.
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            Mediterranean diet, overweight and body composition in children from eight European countries: cross-sectional and prospective results from the IDEFICS study.

            A Mediterranean-like dietary pattern has been shown to be inversely associated with many diseases, but its role in early obesity prevention is not clear. We aimed to determine if this pattern is common among European children and whether it is associated with overweight and obesity.
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              Evaluation of the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED) in children and adolescents in Southern Spain.

              The Mediterranean diet is considered one of the healthiest dietary models. Recent changes in the actual Mediterranean diet include a reduction in energy intake and a higher consumption of foods with low nutrient density (e.g. soft drinks, candy, sweets, etc.). In Spain, in association with cultural and lifestyle changes, there has been a reduction in the intake of antioxidants and vitamins, an increase in the proportion of SFA and a decrease in the consumption of fibre, among other changes. Children and adolescents may be the age groups with the most deteriorated Mediterranean diet. The current paper presents the results of applying the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index for children and adolescents (KIDMED) to a large sample of Spanish schoolchildren. Data from questionnaires were used to calculate the KIDMED index. Granada, Southern Spain. Schoolchildren (n 3190) aged 8-16 years. Among the 8-10-year-olds, the KIDMED index classification was 'good' in 48.6% of the population, 'average' in 49.5% and 'poor' in 1.6%. Among the 10-16-year-olds, the KIDMED index classification was good in 46.9% of the population, average in 51.1% and poor in 2.0%. The nutritional behaviour of the present population of schoolchildren is similar to that found in the earlier KIDMED study.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                penh
                Perspectivas en Nutrición Humana
                Perspect Nut Hum
                Universidad de Antioquia (Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia )
                0124-4108
                December 2018
                : 20
                : 2
                : 157-169
                Affiliations
                [3] Murcia Murcia orgnameUniversidad de Murcia Spain andres.rosa@ 123456um.es
                [2] Murcia Murcia orgnameUniversidad de Murcia orgdiv1Facultad de Educación Spain eliseo.garcia@ 123456um.es
                [1] Murcia Murcia orgnameUniversidad de Murcia orgdiv1Facultad de Educación Spain pj.carrillolopez@ 123456um.es
                Article
                S0124-41082018000200157
                10.17533/udea.penh.v20n2a04
                57a6f917-6e35-4930-9621-ff203d3e5d4e

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 July 2018
                : 10 December 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 13
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Artículo de investigación

                dieta,Body weight,salud,niños,obesidad,obesity,children,diet,health,peso corporal

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