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      Single-Molecule Plasmon Sensing: Current Status and Future Prospects

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          Abstract

          Single-molecule detection has long relied on fluorescent labeling with high quantum-yield fluorophores. Plasmon-enhanced detection circumvents the need for labeling by allowing direct optical detection of weakly emitting and completely nonfluorescent species. This review focuses on recent advances in single molecule detection using plasmonic metal nanostructures as a sensing platform, particularly using a single particle–single molecule approach. In the past decade two mechanisms for plasmon-enhanced single-molecule detection have been demonstrated: (1) by plasmonically enhancing the emission of weakly fluorescent biomolecules, or (2) by monitoring shifts of the plasmon resonance induced by single-molecule interactions. We begin with a motivation regarding the importance of single molecule detection, and advantages plasmonic detection offers. We describe both detection mechanisms and discuss challenges and potential solutions. We finalize by highlighting the exciting possibilities in analytical chemistry and medical diagnostics.

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          Optical Constants of the Noble Metals

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            A study of the nucleation and growth processes in the synthesis of colloidal gold

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              A DNA-based method for rationally assembling nanoparticles into macroscopic materials.

              Colloidal particles of metals and semiconductors have potentially useful optical, optoelectronic and material properties that derive from their small (nanoscopic) size. These properties might lead to applications including chemical sensors, spectroscopic enhancers, quantum dot and nanostructure fabrication, and microimaging methods. A great deal of control can now be exercised over the chemical composition, size and polydispersity of colloidal particles, and many methods have been developed for assembling them into useful aggregates and materials. Here we describe a method for assembling colloidal gold nanoparticles rationally and reversibly into macroscopic aggregates. The method involves attaching to the surfaces of two batches of 13-nm gold particles non-complementary DNA oligonucleotides capped with thiol groups, which bind to gold. When we add to the solution an oligonucleotide duplex with 'sticky ends' that are complementary to the two grafted sequences, the nanoparticles self-assemble into aggregates. This assembly process can be reversed by thermal denaturation. This strategy should now make it possible to tailor the optical, electronic and structural properties of the colloidal aggregates by using the specificity of DNA interactions to direct the interactions between particles of different size and composition.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ACS Sens
                ACS Sens
                se
                ascefj
                ACS Sensors
                American Chemical Society
                2379-3694
                01 August 2017
                25 August 2017
                : 2
                : 8
                : 1103-1122
                Affiliations
                [1]Molecular Biosensing for Medical Diagnostics, Faculty of Applied Physics, & Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology , PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
                Author notes
                Article
                10.1021/acssensors.7b00382
                5573902
                28762723
                57b22ed7-ab29-4449-9518-0fcf49b60260
                Copyright © 2017 American Chemical Society

                This is an open access article published under a Creative Commons Non-Commercial No Derivative Works (CC-BY-NC-ND) Attribution License, which permits copying and redistribution of the article, and creation of adaptations, all for non-commercial purposes.

                History
                : 06 June 2017
                : 01 August 2017
                Categories
                Review
                Custom metadata
                se7b00382
                se-2017-00382e

                plasmon sensing,single-molecule detection,fluorescence,label-free,nanoparticles,microscopy,functionalization,biosensing

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