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      Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health – development of a new open-access journal

      editorial
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      Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health
      BioMed Central

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          Abstract

          Editorial It was about one year ago, in June 2007, that the first 4 manuscripts were published in CAPMH, thus marking the birth of a new, open-access, international journal in the field of child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health. Now, at the first birthday, seems the right time for both looking back at the accomplishments of the last year and considering further development of CAPMH. Since June 2007, we have published 29 peer reviewed articles from all over the world. The average time from initial submission to first editorial decision was 7 weeks, and from initial submission to publication was 5 months. Considering that all submissions undergo rigorous peer-review and that those that are ultimately accepted often had to be revised multiple times, theses figures indicate that CAPMH has been successful in providing researchers with an opportunity to share their work in a timely manner. On a 5-point Likert scale, where 5 indicates maximum satisfaction, the authors' rated the submission process an average of 4.1, the peer review process 4.2, and the production process 4.1. The author overall satisfaction with CAPMH was 4.4. Of the respondents, 86% indicated that they would recommend the journal to a colleague and 100% would publish again in CAPMH. All manuscripts published in CAPMH are immediately accessible for free in PubMed. In summer 2008 the American Psychological Association has accepted CAPMH in their indexing service PsycINFO. Since the beginning of 2008, CAPMH registered approximately 5,000 accesses per month. Among the highly accessed articles, there were the papers by Basker et al. from India [1], more than 5,000 accesses), by Ginicola from the U.S. [2], more than 2,600 accesses), and by Hammerlynck et al. from the Netherlands [3], more than 2,600 accesses), thus indicating the international scope of CAPMH. Our editorial team is especially committed to providing a broad, worldwide perspective on child and adolescent mental health by encouraging and facilitating submissions from a geographically and culturally diverse pool of contributors. In particular, authors from countries with traditionally limited access to research resources have been encouraged to submit manuscripts and given all possible editorial support throughout the review process. This strategy has allowed the Journal to offer our readers a truly international "menu" of scientific reports. After this successful start, we would like to thank the authors, the reviewers, the entire production team, and all those who have supported CAPMH during its first year of life. The road ahead looks both promising and challenging. The two main aims for the next two years are to achieve registration in Medline and at Thompson Reuters (in order to receive an impact factor as early as possible). In addition to regular submissions, there will be special sections with invited authors devoted to specific themes of high relevance to child and adolescent mental health. A series of articles on regulatory and ethical issues of child and adolescent psychopharmacological research in the U.S. and Europe is being prepared, and another focused on psychotherapy of posttraumatic stress disorders is under consideration. We welcome suggestions and nominations of high interest topics from the editorial board and all readers. We also have a special interest in case reports with reference to cultural backgrounds and respective mental health systems and would like to encourage relevant submissions from all countries of the world. We remain aware that one of the challenges for authors is the publication cost which is required in order preserve the open-access nature of the Journal and its complete independence from commercial entities. Still, this "cost of freedom" may be a barrier and discourage submissions. We are examining possible ways of reducing this burden as much as it can be possibly achieved while preserving the open-access, independent characteristics of CAPMH. We would like to invite all clinicians and researchers in the field, of mental health to contribute to the further development of CAPMH!

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          The psychometric properties of Beck Depression Inventory for adolescent depression in a primary-care paediatric setting in India

          Background There is increasing interest in identifying adolescents with depression in primary care settings by paediatricians in India. This article studied the diagnostic accuracy, reliability and validity of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) while used by paediatricians in a primary care setting in India. Methods 181 adolescents attending 3 schools were administered a back translated Tamil version of BDI by a paediatrician to evaluate its psychometric properties along with Children's Depression Rating Scale (CDRS-R) for convergent validity. Clinical diagnosis of depressive disorders, for reference standard, was based on ICD-10 interview by an independent psychiatrist who also administered the Impact of Event Scale (IES) for divergent validity. Appropriate analyses for validity and diagnostic accuracy both at the item and scale levels were conducted. Results A cut-off score of ≥ 5 (Sn = 90.9%, Sp = 17.6 %) for screening and cut-off score of ≥ 22 (Sn = 27.3%, Sp = 90%) for diagnostic utility is suggested. The 4 week test – retest reliability was good (r = 0.82). In addition to the adequate face and content validity, BDI has very good internal consistency (α = 0.96), high convergent validity with CDRS-R (r = 0.72; P = 0.001), and high discriminant validity with IES (r = 0.26; P = 0.23). There was a moderate concordance rate with the reference standard (54.5%) in identifying depression among the adolescents. Factor analysis replicated the 2-factor structure explaining 30.5 % of variance. Conclusion The BDI proved to be a psychometrically sound measure for use by paediatricians in a primary care setting in India. The possibility of screening for depressive disorders through the use of BDI may be helpful in identifying probable cases of the disorder among adolescents.
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            Sexual risk behavior and pregnancy in detained adolescent females: a study in Dutch detention centers

            Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the lifetime prevalence of teenage pregnancy in the histories of detained adolescent females and to examine the relationship between teenage pregnancy on the one hand and mental health and sexuality related characteristics on the other. Methods Of 256 admitted detained adolescent females aged 12–18 years, a representative sample (N = 212, 83%) was examined in the first month of detention. Instruments included a semi-structured interview, standardized questionnaires and file information on pregnancy, sexuality related characteristics (sexual risk behavior, multiple sex partners, sexual trauma, lack of assertiveness in sexual issues and early maturity) and mental health characteristics (conduct disorder, alcohol and drug use disorder and suicidality). Results Approximately 20% of the participants reported having been pregnant (before detention), although none had actually given birth. Sexuality related characteristics were more prevalent in the pregnancy group, while this was not so for the mental health characteristics. Age at assessment, early maturity, sexual risk behavior, and suicidality turned out to be the best predictors for pregnancy. Conclusion The lifetime prevalence of pregnancy in detained adolescent females is high and is associated with both sexuality related risk factors and mental health related risk factors. Therefore, prevention and intervention programs targeting sexual risk behavior and mental health are warranted during detention.
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              Children's unique experience of depression: Using a developmental approach to predict variation in symptomatology

              Background Current clinical knowledge suggests that children can have different types of depressive symptoms (irritability and aggression), but presents no theoretical basis for these differences. Using a developmental approach, the present study sought to test the relationship between developmental level (mental age) and expression of depressive symptoms. The primary hypothesis was that as children's mental age increased, so would the number of internalizing symptoms present. Methods Participants were 252 psychiatric inpatients aged 4 to 16 with a diagnosed depressive disorder. All children were diagnosed by trained clinicians using DSM criteria. Patients were predominantly male (61%) with varied ethnic backgrounds (Caucasian 54%; African American 22%; Hispanic 19%; Other 5%). Children were given an IQ test (KBIT or WISC) while within the hospital. Mental age was calculated by using the child's IQ score and chronological age. Four trained raters reviewed children's records for depressive symptoms as defined by the DSM-IV TR. Additionally, a ratio score was calculated to indicate the number of internalizing symptoms to total symptoms. Results Mental age positively correlated (r = .51) with an internalizing total symptom ratio score and delineated between several individual symptoms. Mental age also predicted comorbidity with anxiety and conduct disorders. Children of a low mental age were more likely to be comorbid with conduct disorders, whereas children with a higher mental age presented more often with anxiety disorders. Gender was independently related to depressive symptoms, but minority status interacted with mental age. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that a developmental approach is useful in understanding children's depressive symptoms and has implications for both diagnosis and treatment of depression. If children experience depression differently, it follows that treatment options may also differ from that which is effective in adults.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health
                Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health
                BioMed Central
                1753-2000
                2008
                13 August 2008
                : 2
                : 22
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department for child and adolescent psychiatry/psychotherapy, University Clinic Ulm, Germany
                [2 ]National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
                Article
                1753-2000-2-22
                10.1186/1753-2000-2-22
                2531079
                18700957
                57b23361-8bcb-45fa-a3bc-f25514134165
                Copyright © 2008 Fegert and Vitiello; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 6 August 2008
                : 13 August 2008
                Categories
                Editorial

                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry

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