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      A Study of Association of Premature Graying of Hair and Osteopenia in North Indian Population

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          Abstract

          Context:

          Hair graying is one of the signs of human aging and is caused by a progressive loss of pigmentation from growing hair shafts. Studies have shown a correlation of early hair graying with osteopenia, indicating that premature graying could serve as an early marker of osteopenia.

          Aim:

          To compare the degree of osteopenia in individuals with premature graying of hair (PGH) compared to ordinary individuals.

          Settings and Design:

          We conducted an observational, case–control study among 132 healthy individuals between 18 and 30 years of age.

          Subjects and Methods:

          Detailed history and examination of PGH was taken. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using Furuno CM-200 ultrasound bone densitometer.

          Statistical Analysis:

          SPSS 21 software was used, and the data were summarized in the form of mean ± standard deviation for quantitative values and percentages for qualitative values. Chi–square test, Student's t-test, analysis of variance, and other appropriate tests were applied for comparison, and P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

          Results:

          PGH was present in 82 (62.1%) cases, whereas osteopenia was present in 56 (42.4%) cases. The mean age of onset of graying of hair among the cases was 20.62 ± 3.74 years. A higher age group of 25–30 years ( P = 0.016) and family history of PGH ( P < 0.001) were significant risk factors for PGH. The mean BMD of the case group was 0.76 ± 1.00 and the control group was 0.68 ± 1.11, but the difference was not statistically significant ( P = 0.649).

          Conclusion:

          The study concluded that there is no significant association between osteopenia and PGH.

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          Most cited references16

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          Diagnosis and treatment of osteopenia.

          Michael Holick, Gülay Karagüzel (2010)
          Osteopenia is a term to define bone density that is not normal but also not as low as osteoporosis. By definition from the World Health Organization osteopenia is defined by bone densitometry as a T score -1 to -2.5. There are many causes for osteopenia including calcium and vitamin D deficiency and inactivity. Genetics plays an important role in a person's bone mineral density and often Caucasian women with a thin body habitus who are premenopausal are found to have osteopenia. Correction of calcium and vitamin D deficiency and walking 3 to 5 miles a week can often improve bone density in the hip and spine. There are a variety of pharmaceutical agents that have been recommended for the treatment of osteopenia and osteoporosis including hormone replacement therapy, selective estrogen receptor modulator therapy, anti-resorptive therapy. In addition patients with osteoporosis who have failed anti-resorptive therapy can have a significant improvement in their bone density with anabolic therapy.
          Article 0 comments Cited 52 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Graying: gerontobiology of the hair follicle pigmentary unit.

            R Paus, Martin D. Tobin (2000)
            The visual appearance of humans derives predominantly from their skin and hair color. The phylogenetically ancient biochemical [corrected] pathway underling this phenomenon is called melanogenesis and results in the production of melanin pigments in neural crest-derived melanocytes, followed by its transfer to epithelial cells. While melanin from epidermal melanocytes clearly protects human skin by screening harmful ultraviolet radiation, the biologic value of hair pigmentation is less clear. In addition to important roles in social/sexual communication, one potential benefit of pigmented scalp hair in humans may be the rapid excretion of heavy metals, chemicals, toxins from the body by their selective binding to melanin. The hair follicle and epidermal melanogenic systems are broadly distinct, though open. The primary distinguishing feature of follicular melanogenesis, compared to the continuous melanogenesis in the epidermis, is the tight coupling of hair follicle melanogenesis to the hair growth cycle. This cycle appears to involve periods of melanocyte proliferation (during early anagen), maturation (mid to late anagen) and melanocyte death via apoptosis (during early catagen). Thus, each hair cycle is associated with the reconstruction of an intact hair follicle pigmentary unit... at least for the first 10 cycles or so. Thereafter, gray and white hairs appear, suggesting an age-related, genetically regulated exhaustion of the pigmentary potential of each individual hair follicle. Melanocyte aging may be associated with reactive oxygen species-mediated damage to nuclear and mitochondrial DNA with resultant accumulation of mutations with age, in addition to dysregulation of anti-oxidant mechanisms or pro/anti-apoptotic factors within the cells. While the perception of "gray hair" derives in large part from the admixture of pigmented and white hair, it is important to note that individual hair follicles can indeed exhibit pigment dilution or true grayness. This dilution is due to a reduction in tyrosinase activity of hair bulbar melanocytes, sub-optimal melanocyte-cortical keratinocyte interactions, and defective migration of melanocytes from a reservoir in the upper outer root sheath to the pigment-permitting microenvironment close to the dermal papilla of the hair bulb. Animal models with mutations in apoptotic survival factors (e.g. bcl-2) and in melanogenic enzymes (TRP-1) are providing valuable insights into the aging hair pigmentary unit. It is from these and other advances, including our ability to grow hair follicle melanocytes in vitro, that the possibility of reversing canities has been raised. Indeed, it is not too uncommon to see spontaneous repigmentation along the same individual hair shaft in early canities. Moreover, melanocytes taken from gray and white hair follicles can be induced to pigment in vitro. One of the surprising results of pigment loss in canities is the alteration in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, providing the tantalizing suggestion that melanocytes in the hair follicle contribute far more that packages of melanin alone. Furthermore, there have been some unconfirmed reports in the literature suggesting that canities may link (although not causally) with more systemic alterations in homeostasis e.g. osteoporosis. Here, we review the current state of knowledge of the development, regulation and control of the human hair follicle pigmentary unit during life.
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              Association of premature hair graying with family history, smoking, and obesity: A cross-sectional study

              Hyoseung Shin, Hyeong Ho Ryu, Junghee Yoon … (2015)
              Many researchers have been concerned about the association of hair graying with systemic diseases. However, the common factors associated with hair graying and systemic diseases have not been elucidated.
              Article 0 comments Cited 19 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Trichology
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Trichology
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJT
                Title: International Journal of Trichology
                Publisher: Wolters Kluwer - Medknow (India )
                ISSN (Print): 0974-7753
                ISSN (Electronic): 0974-9241
                Publication date (Print): Mar-Apr 2020
                Publication date (Electronic): 05 May 2020
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 2
                Pages: 75-78
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Dermatology, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
                Author notes
                Address for correspondence: Dr. Soumya Agarwal, Department of Dermatology, Era's Lucknow Medical College, Era University, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow - 226 003, Uttar Pradesh, India. E-mail: scorpsoumya@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: IJT-12-75
                DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_123_19
                PMC ID: 7362968
                SO-VID: 57c0caf7-7372-44a5-be82-4bbdbaf5db79
                Copyright © Copyright: © 2020 International Journal of Trichology
                License:

                This is an open access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as appropriate credit is given and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.

                History
                Date received : 24 December 2019
                Date revision received : 24 February 2020
                Date accepted : 07 April 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dermatology
                Keywords: canities,osteopenia,osteoporosis,premature graying of hair
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dermatology
                Keywords: canities, osteopenia, osteoporosis, premature graying of hair

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