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      EFEITOS DE INSETICIDAS BOTÂNICO E SINTÉTICOS SOBRE OVOS E LARVAS DE CYCLONEDA SANGUINEA (LINNAEUS) (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) EM CONDIÇÕES DE LABORATÓRIO Translated title: EFFECTS OF BOTANICAL AND SYNTHETIC INSECTICIDES ON EGGS AND LARVAE OF CYCLONEDA SANGUINEA (LINNAEUS) (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE) UNDER LATORATORY CONDITIONS

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          Abstract

          RESUMO Este trabalho objetivou avaliar os efeitos do azadirachtina e de alguns inseticidas sintéticos utilizados na cultura do algodoeiro sobre ovos e larvas de primeiro e quarto instares do predador Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus). Nim-I-Go® (azadirachtina) foi utilizado nas concentrações de 1%, 5% e 10%, correspondendo a 10 mg/L, 50 mg/L e 100 mg/L de azadirachtina, respectivamente. Os inseticidas utilizados foram teflubenzurom (Nomolt 150 SC) (0,15 g i.a./L), lambdacialotrina (Karate Zeon 250 CS) (0,08 g i.a./L) e clorpirifós (Vexter 480 CE) (1,6 g i.a./L). O tratamento testemunha foi composto somente por água destilada. Utilizaram-se sete tratamentos com seis repetições, sendo cada parcela formada por três ovos ou larvas de C. sanguinea, sendo as aplicações realizadas com um pulverizador manual. Os bioensaios foram mantidos a 25 ± 2o C, UR de 70 ± 10% e fotofase de 12h. Os insetos foram alimentados ad libitum com o pulgão-verde-do-sorgo Schizaphis graminum (Rondani). Todos o compostos avaliados reduziram a viabilidade de ovos. Lambdacialotrina e clorpirifós foram altamente tóxicos para larvas de 1 o e 4o instar de C. sanguinea. Azadirachtina a 50 e 100 mg/L foi tóxico para larvas de quarto instar de C. sanguinea. Em função da baixa toxicidade apresentada, azadirachtina 10 mg/L e teflubenzuron apresentam as características mais favoráveis para uso em associação com C. sanguinea, para o controle de pragas na cultura algodoeira, dentre os compostos testados.

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          ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of azadirachtin and some synthetic insecticides used in the cotton crops on eggs and firstand fourth-instar larvae of Cycloneda sanguinea (Linnaeus). The neem-based insecticide Nim-I-Go™ was used in the following concentrations: 1% (10 mg of azadirachtin/L), 5% (50 mg of azadirachtin/L) and 10% (100 mg of azadirachtin/L). The synthetic insecticides teflubenzuron (Nomolt 150 SC) (0.15 g a.i./ L), lambdacyhalothrin (Karate Zeon 250 CS (0.08 g a.i./L) and chlorpyrifos (Vexter 480 CE) (1.6 g a.i./L) also were used in this study. Distilled water was used as control. A fully randomized experimental design was used, with seven treatments and six replicates, each one formed of three eggs or larvae of C. sanguinea. A manual sprayer was used to spew the solutions. The bioassays were kept in a room at 25±2oC, RH of 70±10% and 12h photophase. The insects were fed with Schizaphis graminum (Rondani). Lambdacyhalothrin and chlorpyrifos were harmful to all stages of C. sanguinea. Azadirachtin at 50 and 100 mg;L was toxic to fourth-instar larvae of C. sanguinea. Based in its low toxicity, azadirachtin 10 mg/L and teflubenzuron present favorable characteristics for use in the integrated pest management where C. sanguinea is an important factor of natural mortality of pests.

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          Most cited references23

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          Azadirachtin: an update

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            Influence of azadirachtin, a botanical insecticide, on Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) reproduction: toxicity and ultrastructural approach.

            A commercial formulation of azadirachtin (Align) was tested on Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) adults to determine its effects on reproduction. Three methods of exposure were carried out in the laboratory (residual, direct contact and ingestion) with concentrations close to the maximum field recommended concentration in Spain (48 mg AI/liter). Align proved to be harmless to newly emerged adults irrespective of the mode of exposure. Nevertheless, fecundity was reduced in a reversible way in females that have ingested azadiracthin after the onset of oviposition. Fertility was not different from that of controls in all treatments. Additional tests showed that males were not involved in the reduction of oviposition. Electron microscopy studies pointed out that Align interfered with vitellogenin synthesis and/or its uptake by developing oocytes; thus, growing follicles in treated females were significantly smaller that those of the controls. The role of azadirachtin as a compound that may influence several hormonal and protein titers involved in reproduction is also discussed.
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              Safety evaluation of neem (Azadirachta indica) derived pesticides.

              The neem tree, Azadirachta indica, provides many useful compounds that are used as pesticides and could be applied to protect stored seeds against insects. However in addition to possible beneficial health effects, such as blood sugar lowering properties, anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer and hepatoprotective effects, also toxic effects are described. In this study we present a review of the toxicological data from human and animal studies with oral administration of different neem-based preparations. The non-aqueous extracts appear to be the most toxic neem-based products, with an estimated safe dose (ESD) of 0.002 and 12.5 microg/kg bw/day. Less toxic are the unprocessed materials seed oil and the aqueous extracts (ESD 0.26 and 0.3 mg/kg bw/day, 2 microl/kg bw/day respectively). Most of the pure compounds show a relatively low toxicity (ESD azadirachtin 15 mg/kg bw/day). For all preparations, reversible effect on reproduction of both male and female mammals seem to be the most important toxic effects upon sub-acute or chronic exposure. From the available data, safety assessments for the various neem-derived preparations were made and the outcomes are compared to the ingestion of residues on food treated with neem preparations as insecticides. This leads to the conclusion that, if applied with care, use of neem derived pesticides as an insecticide should not be discouraged.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                aib
                Arquivos do Instituto Biológico
                Arq. Inst. Biol.
                Instituto Biológico (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0020-3653
                1808-1657
                July 2007
                : 74
                : 3
                : 251-258
                Affiliations
                [02] Lavras Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Lavras orgdiv1Departamento de Entomologia Brazil
                [03] Seropédica Rio de Janeiro orgnameUniversidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro orgdiv1Departamento de Genética Brazil
                [01] Viçosa Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Viçosa orgdiv1Departamento de Biologia Animal Brazil
                Article
                S1808-16572007000300251 S1808-1657(07)07400300251
                10.1590/1808-1657v74p2512007
                57e5a226-2e2a-43ba-96af-8a1cc39036aa

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 03 July 2006
                : 03 September 2007
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 25, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Artigo Científico

                Azadirachtin,pesticides,lady-beetle,selectivity,Azadirachtina,produtos fitossanitários,joaninha,seletividade

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