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Abstract

Importance: While “omics” studies have advanced our understanding of inflammatory skin diseases, metabolomics is mostly an unexplored field in dermatology.

Objective: We sought to elucidate the pathogenesis of psoriatic diseases by determining the differences in metabolomic profiles among psoriasis patients with or without psoriatic arthritis and healthy controls.

Design: We employed a global metabolomics approach to compare circulating metabolites from patients with psoriasis, psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis, and healthy controls.

Setting: Study participants were recruited from the general community and from the Psoriasis Clinic at the University of California Davis in United States.

Participants: We examined metabolomic profiles using blood serum samples from 30 patients age and gender matched into three groups: 10 patients with psoriasis, 10 patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis and 10 control participants.

Main outcome(s) and measures(s): Metabolite levels were measured calculating the mean peak intensities from gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry.

Results: Multivariate analyses of metabolomics profiles revealed altered serum metabolites among the study population. Compared to control patients, psoriasis patients had a higher level of alpha ketoglutaric acid (Pso: 288 ± 88; Control: 209 ± 69; p=0.03), a lower level of asparagine (Pso: 5460 ± 980; Control: 7260 ± 2100; p=0.02), and a lower level of glutamine (Pso: 86000 ± 20000; Control: 111000 ± 27000; p=0.02). Compared to control patients, patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis had increased levels of glucuronic acid (Pso + PsA: 638 ± 250; Control: 347 ± 61; p=0.001). Compared to patients with psoriasis alone, patients with both psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis had a decreased level of alpha ketoglutaric acid (Pso + PsA: 186 ± 80; Pso: 288 ± 88; p=0.02) and an increased level of lignoceric acid (Pso + PsA: 442 ± 280; Pso: 214 ± 64; p=0.02).

Conclusions and relevance: The metabolite differences help elucidate the pathogenesis of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis and they may provide insights for therapeutic development.

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Most cited references 53

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Metabolomics--the link between genotypes and phenotypes.

Oliver Fiehn (2002)

Metabolites are the end products of cellular regulatory processes, and their levels can be regarded as the ultimate response of biological systems to genetic or environmental changes. In parallel to the terms 'transcriptome' and proteome', the set of metabolites synthesized by a biological system constitute its 'metabolome'. Yet, unlike other functional genomics approaches, the unbiased simultaneous identification and quantification of plant metabolomes has been largely neglected. Until recently, most analyses were restricted to profiling selected classes of compounds, or to fingerprinting metabolic changes without sufficient analytical resolution to determine metabolite levels and identities individually. As a prerequisite for metabolomic analysis, careful consideration of the methods employed for tissue extraction, sample preparation, data acquisition, and data mining must be taken. In this review, the differences among metabolite target analysis, metabolite profiling, and metabolic fingerprinting are clarified, and terms are defined. Current approaches are examined, and potential applications are summarized with a special emphasis on data mining and mathematical modelling of metabolism.

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Psoriatic arthritis: epidemiology, clinical features, course, and outcome.

D D Gladman, C Antoni, P. Mease … (2005)

Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) has been defined as a unique inflammatory arthritis associated with psoriasis. Its exact prevalence is unknown, but estimates vary from 0.3% to 1% of the population. The clinical features described initially are recognised by most experienced clinicians, although they are most distinct in early disease. Initially, PsA typically presents as an oligoarticular and mild disease. However, with time PsA becomes polyarticular, and it is a severe disease in at least 20% of patients. Patients with PsA who present with polyarticular disease are at risk for disease progression. In addition to progression of clinical and radiological damage, health related quality of life is reduced among patients with PsA. It important to note that patients included in recent drug trials resemble patients followed prospectively in a clinic.

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Psoriasis and systemic inflammatory diseases: potential mechanistic links between skin disease and co-morbid conditions.

Batya B Davidovici, Naveed Sattar, Prinz C Jörg … (2010)

Psoriasis is now classified as an immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) of the skin. It is being recognized that patients with various IMIDs, including psoriasis, are at higher risk of developing "systemic" co-morbidities, e.g., cardiovascular disease (CVD), metabolic syndrome, and overt diabetes. In non-psoriatic individuals, the pathophysiology of obesity, aberrant adipocyte metabolism, diabetes, and CVDs involves immune-mediated or inflammatory pathways. IMIDs may impact these co-morbid conditions through shared genetic risks, common environmental factors, or common inflammatory pathways that are co-expressed in IMIDs and target organs. Given that pathogenic immune pathways in psoriasis are now well worked out and a large number of inflammatory mediators have been identified in skin lesions, in this review we will consider possible mechanistic links between skin inflammation and increased risks of (1) obesity or metabolic alterations and (2) CVD. In particular, we will discuss how well-established risk factors for CVD can originate from inflammation in other tissues.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): F1000Res

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): F1000Res

Journal ID (pmc): F1000Research

Title: F1000Research

Publisher: F1000Research (London, UK )

ISSN (Electronic): 2046-1402

Publication date (Electronic): 21 October 2014

Publication date Collection: 2014

Volume: 3

Electronic Location Identifier: 248

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, 12801, USA

[2 ]Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95816, USA

[3 ]NIH West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

[1 ]The Permanente Medical Group, TPMB, San Bruno, CA, USA

[1 ]Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

Author notes

[a ] aprilarmstrong@ 123456post.harvard.edu

AA and DG had full access to all of the data in the study and took responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. AA and MJ were responsible for the study concept and design. AA, DG, and OF analysed and interpreted the data. AA, JW, DG, BA, JD, OF drafted the manuscript. AA and DG provided critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content and statistical analysis. AA obtained funding for the study. AA performed the administrative, technical, material support, and study supervision.

Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed.

Article

DOI: 10.5256/f1000research.5031.r6483

PMC ID: 4288418

SO-VID: 57f34367-7628-4a55-87cb-129092e65630

License:

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Data associated with the article are available under the terms of the Creative Commons Zero "No rights reserved" data waiver (CC0 1.0 Public domain dedication).

History

Date accepted : 16 October 2014

Funding

Funded by: Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research K08 Career Development Award

Award ID: 1K08HS018341-01

Funded by: National Institutes of Health grant

Award ID: NIH U24 DK097154

This work is supported by an Agency for Healthcare Quality and Research K08 Career Development Award 1K08HS018341-01 to AWA and a National Institutes of Health grant NIH U24 DK097154 to OF.

The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Metabolomics in psoriatic disease: pilot study reveals metabolite differences in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis

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Most cited references 53

Metabolomics--the link between genotypes and phenotypes.

Psoriatic arthritis: epidemiology, clinical features, course, and outcome.

Psoriasis and systemic inflammatory diseases: potential mechanistic links between skin disease and co-morbid conditions.

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