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      Diferenças nas situações de risco para HIV de homens bissexuais em suas relações com homens e mulheres Translated title: Differences in HIV-risk behavior of bisexual men in their relationships with men and women

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Descrever o comportamento bissexual masculino quanto à identidade sexual, uso de preservativo, freqüência de relações sexuais e tipos de parceria e verificar diferenças entre práticas protegidas nas suas relações com homens e mulheres. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal aninhado em coorte de homossexuais e bissexuais HIV negativos implantada em 1994 em Belo Horizonte (Projeto Horizonte). Dos 1.025 voluntários recrutados entre 1994 e 2005, foram selecionados 195 que relataram, na admissão, ter tido relações sexuais com homens e mulheres nos seis meses anteriores à entrevista. Foi criado índice de risco comportamental, designado Índice de Risco Horizonte, que incorpora uma constante para cada prática sexual não protegida, ajustada segundo o número de encontros sexuais. RESULTADOS: Houve predomínio de atividade sexual com homens; a maioria se auto-referiu como bissexual (55%) e homossexual (26%). A mediana do número de parceiros homens ocasionais nos últimos seis meses (4) foi superior ao de parceiras ocasionais (2) e de parceiros fixos de ambos os sexos (1). No sexo vaginal com parceira fixa, o uso inconsistente do preservativo foi de 55%, comparado com 35% e 55% no sexo anal insertivo e receptivo com parceiros fixos. O índice foi maior para os que relataram terem tido sexo com homens e mulheres comparado com os que tiveram sexo exclusivamente com mulheres ou homens. CONCLUSÕES: As situações de risco para HIV foram mais freqüentes entre os homens que relataram atividade sexual com homens e mulheres. Os comportamentos sexuais e de proteção dos bissexuais diferem conforme gênero e estabilidade da parceria, havendo maior desproteção com parceiras fixas mulheres.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVE: To describe bisexual men's behavior in terms of sexual identity, condom use, frequency of sexual intercourse and types of partners and to determine rates of inconsistent condom according to partner's gender. METHODS: Cross-sectional study nested in a cohort of HIV-negative homosexual and bisexual men in the city of Belo Horizonte, Southeastern Brazil, followed up since 1994 (Horizonte Project). Of 1,025 subjects enrolled between 1994 and 2005, 195 volunteers who reported at admission having sexual relations with men and women during the previous six months were selected. A behavioral risk index, called Horizonte Risk Index, was estimated. It incorporates a constant assigned to each type of unprotected sexual act, adjusted for the number of sexual encounters. RESULTS: Sexual activity with men predominated; most considered themselves as bisexual (55%) and homosexual (26%). During the six months prior to the study, median number of casual male partners (4) was higher than both casual female partners (2) and steady male or female partners (1). During vaginal sex with a steady partner, the rate of inconsistent condom use was 55%, compared to 35% and 55% in anal insertive and anal receptive sex, respectively, with steady male partners. The index was higher for those having sex with men and women compared to those having sex either exclusively with women or men (p=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: HIV risk behavior was more frequent among men who reported sexual activity both with men and women. Bisexual men display different sexual and protective behavior according to gender and steadiness of relationships, and female steady partners had more unprotected encounters.

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          Variables influencing condom use in a cohort of gay and bisexual men.

          Nine hundred fifty-five of 1,384 (69 per cent) gay and bisexual men enrolled in a prospective study of the natural history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who reported engaging in anal intercourse in the past six months were surveyed about condom use practices for both insertive (IAI) and receptive anal intercourse (RAI). The following results were obtained: 23 per cent of the men reported that they always used condoms for IAI and 21 per cent for RAI; 32 per cent sometimes used condoms for IAI; 28 per cent sometimes used condoms for RAI; 45 per cent never used condoms for IAI; and 50 per cent never used condoms for RAI. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the following variables were associated with both insertive and receptive condom use: condom acceptability; a history of multiple and/or anonymous partners in the past six months, and the number of partners with whom one is "high" (drugs/alcohol) during sex. Knowledge of positive HIV serostatus was more strongly associated with receptive than with insertive use. Condom use is a relatively complex health-related behavior, and condom promotion programs should not limit themselves to stressing the dangers of unprotected intercourse.
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            Sexual behaviors and risks among bisexually- and gay-identified young Latino men.

            This research compares patterns of sexual behavior and sexual risk of bisexually- and gay-identified Latino young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Four hundred forty-one Latino YMSM were surveyed at community venues in New York City. Twenty-two percent of the sample identified as bisexual, and 78% identified as gay. Bisexually-identified men were more likely to report having had multiple male sex partners in the last 3 months and less likely to report being exclusively involved with a main male partner. They were also approximately 3 1/2 times more likely to report unprotected insertive anal intercourse at last sexual contact with a nonmain male partner and more likely to report being high at last contact with both main and nonmain male partners. Findings suggest that prevention programs need to address the particular sexual risk patterns of bisexually-identified Latino YMSM that place them at risk of both HIV infection and transmission.
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              AIDS in bisexual men in the United States: epidemiology and transmission to women.

              Homosexual and bisexual men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) differ, and bisexual men play an important role in the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to women. To describe AIDS in these groups, we examined AIDS cases reported nationally through June 1990. Among 65 389 men who reported having had sex with men since 1977, 26% were bisexual. More Black (41%) and Hispanic men (31%) than White men (21%) reported bisexual behavior. Bisexual men were twice as likely to report intravenous drug use (20%) as were homosexual men (9%), regardless of race or ethnicity. Among 3555 women with heterosexually acquired AIDS, 11% reported sexual contact with a bisexual man and no other risk factor, although in some states approximately half reported such contact. In 1989, the AIDS rate due to sex with a bisexual man was three and five times higher among Hispanic and Black women, respectively, than among White women. Differences between bisexual and homosexual men with AIDS and the relative importance of AIDS in women due to sexual contact with bisexual men should be considered in the development of HIV prevention programs.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rsp
                Revista de Saúde Pública
                Rev. Saúde Pública
                Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                0034-8910
                1518-8787
                December 2007
                : 41
                : suppl 2
                : 109-117
                Affiliations
                [02] Brasília DF orgnameUniversidade de Brasília orgdiv1Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde orgdiv2Departamento de Saúde Coletiva Brasil
                [01] Belo Horizonte MG orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais orgdiv1Centro de Vacinas anti-HIV Brasil
                [03] Belo Horizonte MG orgnameUFMG orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Clínica Médica Brasil
                Article
                S0034-89102007000900017 S0034-8910(07)04100017
                10.1590/s0034-89102007000900017
                18094794
                582f9579-7a07-42cb-b4c3-2593c0369131

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 08 February 2007
                : 15 February 2007
                : 08 August 2006
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 17, Pages: 9
                Categories
                Artigos Originais

                Brazil,Cross-sectional studies,Sexual partners,Bisexuality,Contraception behavior,Homosexuality, male,Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,HIV infections,Brasil,Estudos transversais,Parceiros sexuais,Homossexualidade masculina,Bissexualidade,Síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida,Infecções por HIV

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