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      MRI driven magnetic microswimmers

      Author(s): , , ,
      Publication date (Print):
      Journal: Biomedical Microdevices
      Publisher: Springer Nature

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          Microscopic artificial swimmers.

          Rémi Dreyfus, Jean Baudry, Marcus L. Roper … (2005)
          Microorganisms such as bacteria and many eukaryotic cells propel themselves with hair-like structures known as flagella, which can exhibit a variety of structures and movement patterns. For example, bacterial flagella are helically shaped and driven at their bases by a reversible rotary engine, which rotates the attached flagellum to give a motion similar to that of a corkscrew. In contrast, eukaryotic cells use flagella that resemble elastic rods and exhibit a beating motion: internally generated stresses give rise to a series of bends that propagate towards the tip. In contrast to this variety of swimming strategies encountered in nature, a controlled swimming motion of artificial micrometre-sized structures has not yet been realized. Here we show that a linear chain of colloidal magnetic particles linked by DNA and attached to a red blood cell can act as a flexible artificial flagellum. The filament aligns with an external uniform magnetic field and is readily actuated by oscillating a transverse field. We find that the actuation induces a beating pattern that propels the structure, and that the external fields can be adjusted to control the velocity and the direction of motion.
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            Microrobots for minimally invasive medicine.

            Bradley Nelson, Ioannis K Kaliakatsos, Jake Abbott (2010)
            Microrobots have the potential to revolutionize many aspects of medicine. These untethered, wirelessly controlled and powered devices will make existing therapeutic and diagnostic procedures less invasive and will enable new procedures never before possible. The aim of this review is threefold: first, to provide a comprehensive survey of the technological state of the art in medical microrobots; second, to explore the potential impact of medical microrobots and inspire future research in this field; and third, to provide a collection of valuable information and engineering tools for the design of medical microrobots.
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              Characterizing the swimming properties of artificial bacterial flagella.

              H. Zhang, R Abbott, Lixin Dong … (2009)
              Artificial bacterial flagella (ABFs) consist of helical tails resembling natural flagella fabricated by the self-scrolling of helical nanobelts and soft-magnetic heads composed of Cr/Ni/Au stacked thin films. ABFs are controlled wirelessly using a low-strength rotating magnetic field. Self-propelled devices such as these are of interest for in vitro and in vivo biomedical applications. Swimming tests of ABFs show a linear relationship between the frequency of the applied field and the translational velocity when the frequency is lower than the step-out frequency of the ABF. Moreover, the influences of head size on swimming velocity and the lateral drift of an ABF near a solid boundary are investigated. An experimental method to estimate the propulsion matrix of a helical swimmer under a light microscope is developed. Finally, swarm-like behavior of multiple ABFs controlled as a single entity is demonstrated.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Title: Biomedical Microdevices
                Abbreviated Title: Biomed Microdevices
                Publisher: Springer Nature
                ISSN (Print): 1387-2176
                ISSN (Electronic): 1572-8781
                Publication date Created: February 2012
                Publication date (Print): October 2011
                Volume: 14
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 165-178
                Article
                DOI: 10.1007/s10544-011-9594-7
                PubMed ID: 22037673
                SO-VID: 58642a07-32ff-4a4c-8cc4-2619b685aedd
                Copyright © © 2012
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