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      Association of vitamin D deficiency and VDBP gene polymorphism with the risk of AMI in a Pakistani population

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          Abstract

          Objective:

          To investigate the relationship of vitamin D deficiency and risk of AMI in a Pakistani population, and to find out any association between vitamin D binding protein (VDBP) genotypes and risk of AMI in this population.

          Methods:

          In a comparative cross-sectional study, 246 patients (age: 20-70 years; 171 males and 75 females) with first AMI were enrolled with informed consent. Similarly, 345 healthy adults (230 males and 115 females) were enrolled as controls. Their fasting serum samples were analyzed for 25 (OH) vitamin D, lipids and other biomarkers using kit methods, while DNA was analyzed for VDBP genotypes using PCR-RFLP based methods. Chi-squared test and logistic regression were used for association of vitamin D deficiency and VDBP genotypes with AMI.

          Results:

          Mean serum concentration of 25(OH) vitamin D was significantly lower in AMI patients compared to healthy subjects (p=0.015) and percent vitamin D deficiency was higher in AMI patients compared to healthy subjects (p=0.003). VDBP IF-IF genotype was positively associated with the risk of AMI in subject above 45 years after adjusting for potential confounders [OR = 9.86; 95% CI=1.16 to 83.43].

          Conclusion:

          Vitamin D deficiency and VDBP IF-IF genotype are associated with AMI in Pakistani adults.

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          Most cited references25

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          Racial differences in the association of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration with coronary heart disease events.

          Low circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) have been consistently associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in white populations. This association has not been rigorously evaluated in other races or ethnicities, in which the distributions of 25(OH)D concentration and possibly other aspects of 25(OH)D metabolism differ. To examine the association of serum 25(OH)D concentration with risk of CHD in a multiethnic population. We studied 6436 participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), recruited from July 2000 through September 2002, who were free of known cardiovascular disease at baseline. We measured baseline serum 25(OH)D concentrations using a mass spectrometry assay calibrated to established standards. We tested associations of 25(OH)D with adjudicated CHD events assessed through May 2012. Primary outcome measure was time to first adjudicated CHD event, defined as myocardial infarction, angina, cardiac arrest, or CHD death. During a median follow-up of 8.5 years, 361 participants had an incident CHD event (7.38 events per 1000 person-years). Associations of 25(OH)D with CHD differed by race/ethnicity (P for interaction < .05). After adjustment, lower 25(OH)D concentration was associated with a greater risk of incident CHD among participants who were white (n = 167 events; hazard ratio [HR], 1.26 [95% CI, 1.06-1.49] for each 10-ng/mL decrement in 25(OH)D) or Chinese (HR, 1.67 [95% CI, 1.07-2.61]; n = 27). In contrast, 25(OH)D was not associated with risk of CHD in participants who were black (HR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.73-1.20]; n = 94) or Hispanic (HR, 1.01 [95% CI, 0.77-1.33]; n = 73). Lower serum 25(OH)D concentration was associated with an increased risk of incident CHD events among participants who were white or Chinese but not black or Hispanic. Results evaluating 25(OH)D in ethnically homogeneous populations may not be broadly generalizable to other racial or ethnic groups.
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            Vitamin D binding protein (Gc-globulin).

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              Ethnic variation in vitamin D-binding protein (GC): a review of isoelectric focusing studies in human populations.

              Since the discovery in 1977 that the GC1 gene could be resolved into two common subcomponents on an isoelectric focusing (IEF) gel, a large number of ethnic groups have been screened to analyze the extent of genetic variation in human populations. Using the IEF technique, approximately 50,000 individuals from 160 different populations have been tested for the GC polymorphism. A marked variation in common GC suballele frequencies in different geographic areas seems to correlate with skin pigmentation and intensity of sun light. Pigmented (black) and keratinized (yellowish) skin type populations have a relatively high frequency of the GC*IF allele as compared to white skin populations. By comparison non-pigmented and non-keratinized white skin populations are generally characterized by having the maximum values of the GC*IS allele. The anthropologic significance of the GC locus has been enhanced further by detecting additional unique GC variants which provide useful information about evolutionary links between different populations. However, the presence of some electrophoretically identical unique variants in genetically and geographically distinct populations demand further investigation of these allelic variants to shed more light on their origins.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Pak J Med Sci
                Pak J Med Sci
                Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences
                Professional Medical Publications (Pakistan )
                1682-024X
                1681-715X
                Nov-Dec 2017
                : 33
                : 6
                : 1349-1354
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Mujtaba Mubashir, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
                [2 ]Shaheena Anwar, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
                [3 ]Asal Khan Tareen, CDepartment of Biochemistry/Pathology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
                [4 ]Naseema Mehboobali, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
                [5 ]Khalida Iqbal, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
                [6 ]Mohammad Perwaiz Iqbal, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Dr. Mohammad Perwaiz Iqbal, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan. Email: perwaiz.iqbal@ 123456aku.edu
                Article
                PJMS-33-1349
                10.12669/pjms.336.13379
                5768823
                5879f9e1-a551-42a1-81a6-b07a807ca3e9
                Copyright: © Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 16 June 2017
                : 29 June 2017
                : 11 October 2017
                : 20 October 2017
                Categories
                Original Article

                acute myocardial infarction,coronary heart disease,pakistani population,vitamin d binding protein genotypes,vitamin d deficiency

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