4
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Co-movement of astral microtubules, organelles and F-actin by dynein and actomyosin forces in frog egg cytoplasm

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          How bulk cytoplasm generates forces to separate post-anaphase microtubule (MT) asters in Xenopus laevis and other large eggs remains unclear. Previous models proposed that dynein-based, inward organelle transport generates length-dependent pulling forces that move centrosomes and MTs outwards, while other components of cytoplasm are static. We imaged aster movement by dynein and actomyosin forces in Xenopus egg extracts and observed outward co-movement of MTs, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, acidic organelles, F-actin, keratin, and soluble fluorescein. Organelles exhibited a burst of dynein-dependent inward movement at the growing aster periphery, then mostly halted inside the aster, while dynein-coated beads moved to the aster center at a constant rate, suggesting organelle movement is limited by brake proteins or other sources of drag. These observations call for new models in which all components of the cytoplasm comprise a mechanically integrated aster gel that moves collectively in response to dynein and actomyosin forces.

          Related collections

          Most cited references76

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis.

          Fiji is a distribution of the popular open-source software ImageJ focused on biological-image analysis. Fiji uses modern software engineering practices to combine powerful software libraries with a broad range of scripting languages to enable rapid prototyping of image-processing algorithms. Fiji facilitates the transformation of new algorithms into ImageJ plugins that can be shared with end users through an integrated update system. We propose Fiji as a platform for productive collaboration between computer science and biology research communities.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Lifeact: a versatile marker to visualize F-actin.

            Live imaging of the actin cytoskeleton is crucial for the study of many fundamental biological processes, but current approaches to visualize actin have several limitations. Here we describe Lifeact, a 17-amino-acid peptide, which stained filamentous actin (F-actin) structures in eukaryotic cells and tissues. Lifeact did not interfere with actin dynamics in vitro and in vivo and in its chemically modified peptide form allowed visualization of actin dynamics in nontransfectable cells.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              The cytoplasmic dynein transport machinery and its many cargoes

              Cytoplasmic dynein-1 is an important microtubule-based motor in many eukaryotic cells. Dynein has critical roles both in interphase and during cell division. Here we focus on interphase cargoes of dynein, which include membrane-bound organelles, RNAs, protein complexes and viruses. A central challenge in the field is to understand how a single motor can transport such a diverse array of cargoes and how this process is regulated. The molecular basis by which each cargo is linked to dynein and its cofactor dynactin has started to emerge. Of particular importance for this process is a set of coiled coil proteins — ‘activating adaptors’ — which both recruit dynein–dynactin to their cargoes and activate dynein motility.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Reviewing Editor
                Role: Senior Editor
                Journal
                eLife
                Elife
                eLife
                eLife
                eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
                2050-084X
                07 December 2020
                2020
                : 9
                : e60047
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School BostonUnited States
                [2 ]Marine Biological Laboratory Woods HoleUnited States
                [3 ]Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeUnited States
                [4 ]Flatiron Institute, Center for Computational Biology New YorkUnited States
                Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) Spain
                The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Spain
                Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) Spain
                Duke University United States
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8064-0259
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6433-7804
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9581-5963
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7781-1897
                Article
                60047
                10.7554/eLife.60047
                7759381
                33284105
                587d79d8-a372-4b66-91ce-e76633c05de3
                © 2020, Pelletier et al

                This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 15 June 2020
                : 05 December 2020
                Funding
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000057, National Institute of General Medical Sciences;
                Award ID: R35GM131753
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100005883, Hertz Foundation;
                Award Recipient :
                Funded by: FundRef http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100009677, Ed Evans Foundation;
                Award ID: MBL fellowships
                Award Recipient :
                The funders had no role in study design, data collection and interpretation, or the decision to submit the work for publication.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Cell Biology
                Physics of Living Systems
                Custom metadata
                Live imaging of multiple cytoplasmic networks in frog egg extracts calls for new models for how egg cytoplasm is physically organized during cleavage divisions.

                Life sciences
                microtubule,dynein,er,actin,cytoplasm,mechanics,xenopus
                Life sciences
                microtubule, dynein, er, actin, cytoplasm, mechanics, xenopus

                Comments

                Comment on this article