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      The Open Access Journal of Behavioral Addictions is open for submissions! Learn more and submit at AKJournals.

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      Identifying the features of an exercise addiction: A Delphi study

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          Abstract

          Objectives

          There remains limited consensus regarding the definition and conceptual basis of exercise addiction. An understanding of the factors motivating maintenance of addictive exercise behavior is important for appropriately targeting intervention. The aims of this study were twofold: first, to establish consensus on features of an exercise addiction using Delphi methodology and second, to identify whether these features are congruous with a conceptual model of exercise addiction adapted from the Work Craving Model.

          Methods

          A three-round Delphi process explored the views of participants regarding the features of an exercise addiction. The participants were selected from sport and exercise relevant domains, including physicians, physiotherapists, coaches, trainers, and athletes. Suggestions meeting consensus were considered with regard to the proposed conceptual model.

          Results and discussion

          Sixty-three items reached consensus. There was concordance of opinion that exercising excessively is an addiction, and therefore it was appropriate to consider the suggestions in light of the addiction-based conceptual model. Statements reaching consensus were consistent with all three components of the model: learned (negative perfectionism), behavioral (obsessive–compulsive drive), and hedonic (self-worth compensation and reduction of negative affect and withdrawal) .

          Conclusions

          Delphi methodology allowed consensus to be reached regarding the features of an exercise addiction, and these features were consistent with our hypothesized conceptual model of exercise addiction. This study is the first to have applied Delphi methodology to the exercise addiction field, and therefore introduces a novel approach to exercise addiction research that can be used as a template to stimulate future examination using this technique.

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          Most cited references44

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          Research guidelines for the Delphi survey technique.

          Consensus methods such as the Delphi survey technique are being employed to help enhance effective decision-making in health and social care. The Delphi survey is a group facilitation technique, which is an iterative multistage process, designed to transform opinion into group consensus. It is a flexible approach, that is used commonly within the health and social sciences, yet little guidance exists to help researchers undertake this method of data collection. This paper aims to provide an understanding of the preparation, action steps and difficulties that are inherent within the Delphi. Used systematically and rigorously, the Delphi can contribute significantly to broadening knowledge within the nursing profession. However, careful thought must be given before using the method; there are key issues surrounding problem identification, researcher skills and data presentation that must be addressed. The paper does not claim to be definitive; it purports to act as a guide for those researchers who wish to exploit the Delphi methodology.
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            A ‘components’ model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework

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              • Article: not found

              An Experimental Application of the DELPHI Method to the Use of Experts

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                jba
                2006
                Journal of Behavioral Addictions
                Akadémiai Kiadó (Budapest )
                2062-5871
                2063-5303
                19 August 2016
                September 2016
                : 5
                : 3
                : 474-484
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]School of Psychology, University of Auckland , Auckland, New Zealand
                [ 2 ]Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Auckland , Auckland, New Zealand
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author: Lucy Macfarlane; School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Tamaki Campus, 261 Morrin Road, Glen Innes, Auckland 1072, New Zealand; Phone: +64 9 373 7599 ext. 86875; Fax: +64 9 373 7902; E-mail: lucy.macfarlane@ 123456auckland.ac.nz
                Article
                10.1556/2006.5.2016.060
                5264415
                27554504
                588cddae-21d9-4c90-8cc5-033f9660868c
                © 2016 The Author(s)

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 17 November 2015
                : 15 June 2016
                : 03 August 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 3, Equations: 0, References: 42, Pages: 11
                Funding
                Funding sources: No financial support was received for this study.
                Categories
                Full-length Report

                Medicine,Psychology,Social & Behavioral Sciences,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry
                perfectionism,obsessive–compulsive,Delphi technique,exercise addiction,work craving

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