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      Difficult temperament and social maladjustment in childhood: The mediating role of family environment Translated title: Temperamento difícil y desajuste social en la niñez: El papel mediador del ambiente familiar

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          Abstract

          Abstract: The aim of this work was to analyze the mediating role of family environment in the relationship between difficult temperament and externalizing/internalizing problems in a sample of 474 Spanish children aged between 6 and 8 years. A secondary objective of this work was to analyze the effect of gender in the mediation pattern found. To measure externalizing/internalizing problems, marital adjustment, parenting practices and children’s temperament, the parents were given a Socialization Battery (BAS-1), the Marital Adjustment Test (MAT), the Spanish version of the PCRI (Parent-Child Relationship Inventory), and the Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire (TMCQ). We tested a statistical mediation model that revealed the mediating role of marital adjustment, and the parenting practices of involvement and limit setting, in the relationship between difficult temperament and externalizing problems. We found that marital adjustment and parental involvement mediated the relationship between internalizing problems and difficult temperament. On the other hand, the results pointed to a different mediation pattern when we compared boys and girls. Specifically, we found that the mediating role of marital adjustment and parental involvement in the relationship between difficult temperament and externalizing problems was stronger in boys than in girls.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el papel mediador del ambiente familiar en la relación entre temperamento difícil y problemas externalizantes/internalizantes en una muestra de 474 niños españoles de entre 6 y 8 años. Un segundo objetivo fue analizar el efecto del género en el patrón de mediación encontrado. Para la medida de los problemas externalizantes/internalizantes, el ajuste marital, las prácticas parentales y el temperamento del niño los padres cumplimentaron la Batería de Socialización (BAS-1), el Test de Ajuste Marital (MAT) y la versión española del Cuestionario de Temperamento en la niñez intermedia (TMCQ). El análisis de mediación probado confirmó el efecto de mediación del ajuste marital y las prácticas parentales de implicación y disciplina en la relación entre temperamento difícil y problemas externalizantes, y el efecto de mediación del ajuste marital y la implicación parental en la relación entre temperamento y difícil y problemas internalizantes. Por otro lado, los resultados apuntaron un patrón de mediación diferente cuando comparamos a niños y niñas. En concreto, encontramos que el efecto de mediación del ajuste marital y la implicación parental fue más fuerte en niños que en niñas.

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          mediation:RPackage for Causal Mediation Analysis

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            A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure

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              A general approach to causal mediation analysis.

              Traditionally in the social sciences, causal mediation analysis has been formulated, understood, and implemented within the framework of linear structural equation models. We argue and demonstrate that this is problematic for 3 reasons: the lack of a general definition of causal mediation effects independent of a particular statistical model, the inability to specify the key identification assumption, and the difficulty of extending the framework to nonlinear models. In this article, we propose an alternative approach that overcomes these limitations. Our approach is general because it offers the definition, identification, estimation, and sensitivity analysis of causal mediation effects without reference to any specific statistical model. Further, our approach explicitly links these 4 elements closely together within a single framework. As a result, the proposed framework can accommodate linear and nonlinear relationships, parametric and nonparametric models, continuous and discrete mediators, and various types of outcome variables. The general definition and identification result also allow us to develop sensitivity analysis in the context of commonly used models, which enables applied researchers to formally assess the robustness of their empirical conclusions to violations of the key assumption. We illustrate our approach by applying it to the Job Search Intervention Study. We also offer easy-to-use software that implements all our proposed methods. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ap
                Anales de Psicología
                Anal. Psicol.
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Murcia, Spain )
                0212-9728
                1695-2294
                December 2020
                : 36
                : 3
                : 492-502
                Affiliations
                [1] Murcia orgnameUniversidad de Murcia Spain
                Article
                S0212-97282020000300015 S0212-9728(20)03600300015
                10.6018/analesps.36.3.414241
                589dbc9a-3cbb-4270-beba-2ac71aeba7b7

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 14 April 2020
                : 11 February 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 84, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Developmental and Educational Psychology

                Mediación,Social maladjustment,Difficult temperament,Ajuste marital,Mediation,Parenting,Prácticas parentales,Marital adjustment,Desajuste social,Temperamento difícil

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