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      Barreras y motivaciones percibidas por adolescentes en relación con la actividad física. Estudio cualitativo a través de grupos de discusión Translated title: Barriers and motivations perceived by adolescents related to physical activity. Qualitative study through discussion groups

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Fundamentos: Adquirir el hábito de realizar actividad física de forma habitual en adolescentes ha demostrado tener efectos positivos en la prevención de enfermedades y en el mantenimiento de la salud física y psicológica. El objetivo del estudio fue explorar aspectos relacionados con la actividad física de los adolescentes, para identificar así las barreras y las motivaciones de la práctica habitual. Sujetos y métodos: Investigación cualitativa de diseño fenomenológico explicativo. La información se obtuvo a través de la realización de cuatro Grupos de Discusión con: a) profesionales expertos (6 participantes); b) adolescentes de ambos sexos (10 participantes); c) mujeres adolescentes (6 participantes); d) hombres adolescentes (9 participantes). Resultados: Se detectaron barreras percibidas y motivaciones en todos los grupos de adolescentes, aportando un total de 104 unidades de análisis. El grupo de expertos incidió en la necesidad de implicar a la familia, la escuela, y a los agentes que rodean a los adolescentes. Los adolescentes mostraron barreras relacionadas con las incompatibilidades por falta de tiempo, la participación en actividades de ocio y la desmotivación por actividades rutinarias e impuestas (37; 35,5%). La motivación se relacionó con la participación en deportes de equipo y la influencia positiva de los amigos (28; 28%). Las chicas, además, mostraron preocupación por su imagen corporal y la alimentación (39; 37,5%). Conclusiones: Se identifican barreras en el entorno más próximo del adolescente, dentro del trío familia, amigos y escuela. Las motivaciones se vinculan a componentes sociales y multiculturales. Dentro de este colectivo, es prioritario impulsar actividades que incluyan el deporte en equipo y el soporte social.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Background: Acquiring the habit of doing regular physical activity in adolescents has shown positive effects in the prevention of diseases and the maintenance of physical and psychological health. The objective was to explore the topics related to physical activity of a group of adolescents, to identify the barriers and motivators of regular physical activity practice. Methods: Qualitative research of phenomenological explanatory design. The information was obtained through four Discussion Groups conducted with: a) expert professionals (6 participants); b) adolescents of both sexes (10 participants); c) female adolescents (6 participants); d) male adolescents (9 participants). Results: Perceived barriers and motivations were detected in all groups of adolescents, contributing a total of 104 units of analysis. The group of experts emphasized the need to involve the family, the school, and the agents that surround the teenagers. The adolescents showed barriers related to incompatibilities due to lack of time, participation in leisure activities and demotivation due to routine and imposed activities (37; 35.5%). Motivation was related to participation in team sports and the positive influence of friends (28; 28%). The girls also showed concern about their body image and diet (39; 37.5%). Conclusions: Barriers were identified in relation to the close environment of the adolescents in three main areas: family, friends and school. Motivators were linked to social and multicultural components. Priority actions in this group are to promote activities that include team sports as a mean to enhance social support.

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          NetGirls: the Internet, Facebook, and body image concern in adolescent girls.

          The primary aim of the study was to examine the relationship between Internet exposure and body image concern in adolescent girls, with a particular focus on the social networking site of Facebook. A sample of 1,087 girls in the first two years (Years 8 and 9) of high school (aged 13-15 years) completed questionnaire measures of Internet consumption and body image concerns. The overwhelming majority of girls (95.9%) had access to the Internet in their home. Time spent on the Internet was significantly related to internalization of the thin ideal, body surveillance, and drive for thinness. Further, 75% of the girls had a Facebook profile, and spent an average of 1.5 hours there daily. Facebook users scored significantly more highly on all body image concern measures than non-users. It was concluded that the Internet represents a potent socio-cultural medium of relevance to the body image of adolescent girls. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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            Family functioning: associations with weight status, eating behaviors, and physical activity in adolescents.

            This article examines the relationship between family functioning (e.g., communication, closeness, problem solving, behavioral control) and adolescent weight status and relevant eating and physical activity behaviors. Data are from EAT 2010 (Eating and Activity in Teens), a population-based study that assessed eating and activity among socioeconomically and racially/ethnically diverse youths (n = 2,793). Adolescents (46.8% boys, 53.2% girls) completed anthropometric assessments and surveys at school between 2009 and 2010. Multiple linear regression was used to test the relationship between family functioning and adolescent weight, dietary intake, family meal patterns, and physical activity. Additional regression models were fit to test for interactions by race/ethnicity. For adolescent girls, higher family functioning was associated with lower body mass index z score and percent overweight, less sedentary behavior, higher intake of fruits and vegetables, and more frequent family meals and breakfast consumption. For adolescent boys, higher family functioning was associated with more physical activity, less sedentary behavior, less fast-food consumption, and more frequent family meals and breakfast consumption. There was one significant interaction by race/ethnicity for family meals; the association between higher family functioning and more frequent family meals was stronger for nonwhite boys compared with white boys. Overall, strengths of associations tended to be small, with effect sizes ranging from -.07 to .31 for statistically significant associations. Findings suggest that family functioning may be protective for adolescent weight and weight-related health behaviors across all race/ethnicities, although assumptions regarding family functioning in the homes of overweight children should be avoided, given small effect sizes. Copyright © 2013 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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              Socioecological factors potentially associated with participation in physical activity and sport: A longitudinal study of adolescent girls.

              Many adolescents are not physically active enough to receive associated health benefits. Furthermore, participation in physical activity generally declines during adolescence, and to a greater degree for females. Longitudinal research is required to better understand the determinants of change in physical activity by adolescent females to inform physical activity-related policy and practice. This study explored patterns of change in socioecological factors hypothesised to be associated with physical activity and sport, across the adolescent period for females.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Rev. Esp. Salud Publica
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                2019
                : 93
                : e201908047
                Affiliations
                [3] Barcelona Cataluña orgnameUniversitat Ramon Llull orgdiv1Departamento de Enfermería de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Blanquerna Spain
                [1] Barcelona Cataluña orgnameUniversitat Ramon Llull orgdiv1Departamento de Fisioterapia de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud Blanquerna Spain
                [2] Barcelona Cataluña orgnameUniversitat Ramon Llull orgdiv1Ciencias de la Educación y del Deporte Blanquerna orgdiv2Departamento de Ciencias del Deporte de la Facultad de Psicología Spain
                Article
                S1135-57272019000100422 S1135-5727(19)09300000422
                589fc4b1-c5c6-43c6-ba02-a96e8f40a5c5

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 07 November 2018
                : 24 January 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 36, Pages: 0
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                SciELO Public Health

                Categories
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                Investigación cualitativa,Actividad Física,Motivación,Motivation,Adolescente,Qualitative research,Physical activity,Barreras,Adolescent,Barriers

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