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      Translocation (1;22)(p36;q11.2) with concurrent del(22)(q11.2) resulted in homozygous deletion of SNF5/INI1 in a newly established cell line derived from extrarenal rhabdoid tumor

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          Abstract

          Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT) is a highly malignant pediatric cancer, which arises in various sites such as the kidney, brain, and soft tissues. Cytogenetic studies have revealed alterations of 22q11 in MRT. Recently, deletions and mutations of the SNF5/INI1 locus in 22q11.2 have been reported in MRT, suggesting that SNF5/INI1 is a tumor suppressor gene for MRT. Here we report our molecular cytogenetic study for a newly established cell line from extrarenal MRT with t(1;22)(p36;q11.2). Consequently, the reciprocal translocation was associated with the interstitial deletion of a small segment including SNF5/INI1, and another, chromosome 22, showed terminal deletion, the breakpoint of which was located 70-80 kb centromeric to SNF5/INI1, resulting in homozygous deletion of SNF5/INI1 in this cell line.

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          Cell cycle arrest and repression of cyclin D1 transcription by INI1/hSNF5.

          INI1/hSNF5 is a component of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling hSWI/SNF complex and a tumor suppressor gene of aggressive pediatric atypical teratoid and malignant rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT). To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying its tumor suppressor function, we studied the effect of reintroduction of INI1/hSNF5 into AT/RT-derived cell lines such as MON that carry biallelic deletions of the INI1/hSNF5 locus. We demonstrate that expression of INI1/hSNF5 causes G(0)-G(1) arrest and flat cell formation in these cells. In addition, INI1/hSNF5 repressed transcription of cyclin D1 gene in MON, in a histone deacetylase (HDAC)-dependent manner. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies revealed that INI1/hSNF5 was directly recruited to the cyclin D1 promoter and that its binding correlated with recruitment of HDAC1 and deacetylation of histones at the promoter. Analysis of INI1/hSNF5 truncations indicated that cyclin D1 repression and flat cell formation are tightly correlated. Coexpression of cyclin D1 from a heterologous promoter in MON was sufficient to eliminate the INI1-mediated flat cell formation and cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, cyclin D1 was overexpressed in AT/RT tumors. Our data suggest that one of the mechanisms by which INI1/hSNF5 exerts its tumor suppressor function is by mediating the cell cycle arrest due to the direct recruitment of HDAC activity to the cyclin D1 promoter thereby causing its repression and G(0)-G(1) arrest. Repression of cyclin D1 gene expression may serve as a useful strategy to treat AT/RT.
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            An Analysis of 42 Cases Studied with Immunohistochemistry or Electron Microscopy

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              Aberrations of the hSNF5/INI1 gene are restricted to malignant rhabdoid tumors or atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors in pediatric solid tumors.

              The hSNF5/INI1 gene, which encodes a subunit of the SWI/SNF family of chromatin-remodeling complexes and is located at 22q11.2, has been reported as a tumor suppressor gene inactivated in malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRTs). We analyzed this gene in varieties of pediatric solid tumors including MRTs, using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism method. We found 5 homozygous deletions, 2 truncated mutations, one missense mutation, and one silent mutation of the hSNF5/INI1 gene in 7 MRT cell lines, and one homozygous deletion, one microdeletion, one splicing acceptor site mutation, and one absence of expression in 7 fresh tumor tissues of MRT and atypical teratoid (AT)/rhabdoid tumors (RTs). Homozygous deletions were also found in one (KYM-1) of 8 rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) cell lines. To investigate characteristics of the KYM-1 cell line, we have established KYM-1 tumors in nude mice into which KYM-1 cells were transplanted. Notably, we found that MyoD1, known as a marker for RMS, was not expressed in the KYM-1 cell line as well as MRT cell lines and fresh tumors. Histopathologic, cytogenetic, and molecular studies of the KYM-1 cell line and KYM-1 tumors in nude mice have revealed that this RMS cell line should be MRT rather than RMS. RMS-carrying aberrations of the hSNF5/INI1 gene should be reevaluated. No aberrations of this gene were found in the other 34 cell lines or 80 fresh tumor specimens except the single nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3' noncoding region. These results suggest that alterations of the hSNF5/INI1 gene were restricted to MRTs or AT/RTs in pediatric solid tumors. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Human Genetics
                J Hum Genet
                Springer Nature America, Inc
                1434-5161
                1435-232X
                October 2004
                September 18 2004
                October 2004
                : 49
                : 10
                : 586-589
                Article
                10.1007/s10038-004-0191-y
                15378398
                58a14836-be7b-4d11-85b7-f97d026650c5
                © 2004
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