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      Actividad antiplasmodial in vitro de metabolitos secundarios de Solanum nudum provenientes de dos regiones de Colombia Translated title: Actividade in vitro antiplasmódica de metabolitos secundários de Solanum nudum a partir de duas regiões da Colômbia Translated title: Antiplasmodial activity in vitro of secondary metabolites of Solanum nudum from two regions of Colombia

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          Abstract

          Resumen Solanum nudum es una planta nativa de Colombia, reconocida y usada para el tratamiento de la fiebre asociada a la malaria, específicamente en el área del pacífico del departamento de Nariño. En la presente investigación se realizó un estudio fitoquímico comparativo de la producción de los compuestos esteroidales de S. nudum provenientes de dos regiones de Colombia y su respectiva actividad antiplasmodial. La colección de las hojas de S. nudum se realizó en los municipios de Cocorná (Antioquia) y Tumaco (Nariño) en los meses de noviembre 2010 y junio 2011. La extracción de los metabolitos esteroidales presentes en las hojas colectadas de S. nudum se efectuó con solventes de baja, media y alta polaridad. El contenido de los metabolitos esteroidales se determinó por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución en fase reversa. La actividad antiplasmodial de los extractos fue evaluada en la cepa 3D7 de Plasmodium falciparum y su posible citoxicidad en la línea celular HepG-2. El contenido de compuestos esteroidales y la actividad antiplasmodial fue superior para los extractos de las regiones y los meses donde la precipitación promedio del lugar fue alterada debido al fenómeno de La Niña. Los extractos con mayor efecto antiplasmodial y citotóxico citotoxicidad fueron los obtenidos en el municipio de Tumaco.

          Translated abstract

          Resumo Solanum nudum é uma planta nativa da Colômbia, é reconhecido e é usado para o tratamento da febre associada à malária, especificamente na área pacífica do departamento de Nariño. Nesta pesquisa um estudo comparativo da produção fitoquímico de compostos esteróides de S. nudum de duas regiões da Colômbia e sua respectiva actividade antiplasmódica foi realizado. A coleta das folhas de S. nudum foi realizado nos municípios de Cocorná (Antioquia) e Tumaco (Nariño), nos meses de novembro de 2010 e junho de 2011. A extração de metabólitos esteróides presentes nas folhas foram coletadas de S. nudum foi realizada com solventes de baixa, média e alta polaridade. O teor de metabolitos esteróides foi determinada por cromatografia líquida de alta resolução em fase reversa. A actividade antiplasmódica dos extractos foi avaliada em 3D7 estirpe de Plasmodium falciparum e a sua citotoxicidade potencial na linha de células HepG-2. O teor de compostos esteróides e atividade antiplasmódica foi maior para os extratos regiões e meses em que a precipitação média do site foi alterada devido ao fenômeno do La Niña. Os extratos mais efeito antiplasmódica e citotoxicidade foram obtidos no município de Tumaco.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Solanum nudum is a plant native to Colombia, is recognized and is used for the treatment of fever associated with malaria, specifically in the Pacífico area of Nariño department. In this research a comparative study of phytochemical production of steroidal compounds of S. nudum from two regions of Colombia and their respective antiplasmodial activity was carried out. The collection of the leaves of S. nudum was conducted in the municipalities of Cocorná (Antioquia) and Tumaco (Nariño) in the months of November 2010 and June 2011. The extraction of steroid metabolites present in the leaves were collected from S. nudum was performed with solvents low, medium and high polarity. The content of steroidal metabolites was determined by high resolution liquid chromatography in reverse phase. The antiplasmodial activity of the extracts was evaluated in 3D7 strain of Plasmodium falciparum and its potential cytotoxicity on the cell line HepG-2. The content of steroidal compounds and antiplasmodial activity was higher on extracts from regions and months where the mean precipitation was influenced due to La Niña phenomenon. The extracts more antiplasmodial effect and cytotoxicity were obtained from Tumaco municipality.

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          Quantitative assessment of antimalarial activity in vitro by a semiautomated microdilution technique.

          A rapid, semiautomated microdilution method was developed for measuring the activity of potential antimalarial drugs against cultured intraerythrocytic asexual forms of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Microtitration plates were used to prepare serial dilutions of the compounds to be tested. Parasites, obtained from continuous stock cultures, were subcultured in these plates for 42 h. Inhibition of uptake of a radiolabeled nucleic acid precursor by the parasites served as the indicator of antimalarial activity. Results of repeated measurements of activity with chloroquine, quinine, and the investigational new drug mefloquine demonstrated that the method is sensitive and precise. Several additional antimalarial drugs and compounds of interest were tested in vitro, and the results were consistent with available in vivo data. The use of P. falciparum isolates with known susceptibility to antimalarial drugs also permitted evaluation of the cross-resistance potential of each compound tested. The applications and expectations of this new test system within a drug development program are discussed.
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            Genetic analysis of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.

            Malaria parasites are haploid for most of their life cycle, with zygote formation and meiosis occurring during the mosquito phase of development. The parasites can be analyzed genetically by transmitting mixtures of cloned parasites through mosquitoes to permit cross-fertilization of gametes to occur. A cross was made between two clones of Plasmodium falciparum differing in enzymes, drug sensitivity, antigens, and chromosome patterns. Parasites showing recombination between the parent clone markers were detected at a high frequency. Novel forms of certain chromosomes, detected by pulsed-field gradient gel electrophoresis, were produced readily, showing that extensive rearrangements occur in the parasite genome after cross-fertilization. Since patients are frequently infected with mixtures of genetically distinct parasites, mosquito transmission is likely to provide the principal mechanisms for generating parasites with novel genotypes.
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              Use of coefficient of variation in assessing variability of quantitative assays.

              We have derived the mathematical relationship between the coefficient of variation associated with repeated measurements from quantitative assays and the expected fraction of pairs of those measurements that differ by at least some given factor, i.e., the expected frequency of disparate results that are due to assay variability rather than true differences. Knowledge of this frequency helps determine what magnitudes of differences can be expected by chance alone when the particular coefficient of variation is in effect. This frequency is an operational index of variability in the sense that it indicates the probability of observing a particular disparity between two measurements under the assumption that they measure the same quantity. Thus the frequency or probability becomes the basis for assessing if an assay is sufficiently precise. This assessment also provides a standard for determining if two assay results for the same subject, separated by an intervention such as vaccination or infection, differ by more than expected from the variation of the assay, thus indicating an intervention effect. Data from an international collaborative study are used to illustrate the application of this proposed interpretation of the coefficient of variation, and they also provide support for the assumptions used in the mathematical derivation.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                eia
                Revista EIA
                Rev.EIA.Esc.Ing.Antioq
                Escuela de ingenieria de Antioquia (Envigado, Antioquia, Colombia )
                1794-1237
                2463-0950
                December 2018
                : 15
                : 30
                : 25-39
                Affiliations
                [1] Medellín Antioquía orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia orgdiv1Grupo de Malaria Colombia
                [3] Medellín Antioquía orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia orgdiv1Grupo Interdisciplinario de Estudios Moleculares-GIEM Colombia
                [4] orgnameUniversidad EIA orgdiv1Grupo de Investigación e Innovación en Formulaciones Químicas Colombia
                [2] Medellín Antioquía orgnameUniversidad de Antioquia orgdiv1Grupo Herbario Colombia
                Article
                S1794-12372018000200025
                10.24050/reia.v15i30.1033
                58c43aff-cf5f-4c65-8003-50c02251af10

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 October 2017
                : 24 May 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 32, Pages: 15
                Product

                SciELO Colombia

                Categories
                Artículos originales

                malaria,Solanum nudum,Plasmodium falciparum,metabolitos esteroidales,Cocorná,Tumaco,malária,metabólitos esteroides,steroidal metabolites

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