A comprehensive assessment using COPD assessment test scoring and modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scoring is necessary for personalized therapy for COPD patients

Abstract

Dear editor In a recent issue of the International Journal of COPD, Rhee et al1 have demonstrated considerable discrepancies between modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scoring and COPD assessment test (CAT) scoring in patients with COPD. The current data are also supported by the findings described in another article, which indicates that more than 50% of COPD patients show discrepancies between the severity of CAT scores and that of mMRC scores in the real world.2 In principle, CAT and mMRC scores are not correlated. The CAT scoring is for continuous variables, while mMRC scoring is for categorical variables. Furthermore, the severity of CAT scores is not correlated with that of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) staging. Because CAT scoring is based on eight different items, the sleep disturbance score 5 is not correlated with the cough/sputum symptom score 5 or with the exertional dyspnea score 5. This justifies the discrepancy found between the scores in the two scoring systems. The study by Rhee et al1 strongly indicates that comprehensive assessment using both the CAT and the mMRC dyspnea scoring systems is necessary for personalized therapy for COPD patients. The evaluation of health status and the assessment of dyspnea severity suggest the different aspects of pathophysiology of COPD patients. However, there is a problem in COPD practice and research at the current juncture. By searching PubMed literature of the past 5 years using keywords “CAT” and “COPD”, 280 papers were extracted. However, a search using the keywords “mMRC” and “COPD” extracted less than half this number (135 papers). Unfortunately, a search using all keywords “CAT”, “mMRC”, and “COPD” extracted very few papers (46 papers, 16.4% of the number of papers extracted using the search terms “CAT” and “COPD”). Therefore, it is reasonable to speculate that mMRC and CAT assessment may not be performed simultaneously for the assessment of COPD patients in clinical practice. The CAT and mMRC scores are affected differently by bronchodilator therapy in COPD patients.3 Ohno et al3 demonstrated that a novel, once-daily inhaled long-acting beta 2-agonist, indacaterol, improved pulmonary function variables, mMRC dyspnea scale score, and CAT scores. However, a switch in replacement therapy from salmeterol to indacaterol significantly improved the mMRC and forced vital capacity values, but did not significantly improve the CAT scores or other pulmonary function variables.3 Importantly, mMRC and CAT assessments can be used to predict the prognosis of COPD patients. The COPD History Assessment in Spain (CHAIN) study revealed that the CAT could be used for predicting all-cause mortality in patients with COPD, but was inferior to mMRC dyspnea scores in this respect.4 COPD patients who died had higher CAT and MRC dyspnea scores than survivors. Unfortunately, the CHAIN study used original MRC scores instead of mMRC scores. When personalized therapy for different phenotypes of COPD is implemented, bidirectional assessment using CAT and mMRC scoring will be necessary in clinical settings, in addition to assessment of pulmonary function and presence of inflammatory indicators in exhaled breath, sputum, and blood.