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      Magnetic resonance imaging aspects after surgical repair of knee cartilage: pictorial essay Translated title: Aspectos na ressonância magnética pós-reparo cirúrgico da cartilagem do joelho: ensaio iconográfico

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          Abstract

          Radiologists should be familiar with the main techniques of knee cartilage repair and the imaging methods available for its evaluation, in order to optimize the postoperative follow-up of patients. The objective of this study was to present a series of clinical cases seen at our facility, illustrating the main techniques necessary for the repair of knee cartilage, as well as the magnetic resonance imaging techniques used in the postoperative evaluation and the relevant radiological findings.

          Translated abstract

          Radiologistas devem estar familiarizados com as principais técnicas de reparo cirúrgico da cartilagem do joelho e os métodos de imagem disponíveis para sua avaliação, no intuito de otimizar o seguimento pós-operatório do paciente. O presente estudo tem por finalidade, por meio de uma coletânea de casos do nosso serviço, ilustrar as principais técnicas cirúrgicas aplicadas ao reparo da cartilagem do joelho, bem como as técnicas de ressonância magnética usualmente utilizadas na avaliação pós-operatória e os achados radiológicos relevantes.

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          The etiology of chondromalacia patellae.

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            Compositional MRI techniques for evaluation of cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis.

            Osteoarthritis (OA), a leading cause of disability, affects 27 million people in the United States and its prevalence is rising along with the rise in obesity. So far, biomechanical or behavioral interventions as well as attempts to develop disease-modifying OA drugs have been unsuccessful. This may be partly due to antiquated imaging outcome measures such as radiography, which are still endorsed by regulatory agencies such as the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in clinical trials. Morphological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows unparalleled multi-feature assessment of the OA joint. Furthermore, advanced MRI techniques also enable evaluation of the biochemical or ultrastructural composition of articular cartilage relevant to OA research. These compositional MRI techniques have the potential to supplement clinical MRI sequences in identifying cartilage degeneration at an earlier stage than is possible today using morphologic sequences only. The purpose of this narrative review is to describe compositional MRI techniques for cartilage evaluation, which include T2 mapping, T2* Mapping, T1 rho, dGEMRIC, gagCEST, sodium imaging and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). We also reviewed relevant clinical studies that have utilized these techniques for the study of OA. The different techniques are complementary. Some focus on isotropy or the collagen network (e.g., T2 mapping) and others are more specific in regard to tissue composition, e.g., gagCEST or dGEMRIC that convey information on the GAG concentration. The application and feasibility of these techniques is also discussed, as they will play an important role in implementation in larger clinical trials and eventually clinical practice.
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              Correlation between magnetic resonance imaging and clinical outcomes after cartilage repair surgery in the knee: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

              Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often used to assess cartilage after surgical repair. The correlation between MRI and clinical outcomes is not well understood.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Radiol Bras
                Radiol Bras
                rb
                Radiologia Brasileira
                Publicação do Colégio Brasileiro de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem
                0100-3984
                1678-7099
                May-Jun 2020
                May-Jun 2020
                : 53
                : 3
                : 201-207
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Departamento de Imagem - Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Dr. Adham do Amaral e Castro. Departamento de Imagem - Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. Avenida Albert Einstein, 627, Vila Leonor. São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 05652-901. Email: adham.castro@ 123456gmail.com .
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7113-6189
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0649-3662
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0233-0041
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4079-3813
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7167-194X
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4854-9193
                Article
                10.1590/0100-3984.2019.0020
                7302905
                593e4b11-7d95-46d0-9d5b-f61883e59d5c

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 07 February 2019
                : 02 July 2019
                Categories
                Pictorial Essays

                knee,cartilage,magnetic resonance imaging,joelho,cartilagem,ressonância magnética

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