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      The Hidden Face of Violence in Latin America: Assessing the Criminalization of Protest in Comparative Perspective

      Latin American Perspectives
      SAGE Publications

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          Abstract

          The criminalization of social movements and protest remains underanalyzed as a problem intrinsic to democracy. Comparison of two seemingly different Latin American countries with regard to the degree of violence, Chile and Mexico, suggests that, far from being caused by the dysfunction of the legal system or other institutional factors, criminalization is a specific form of retrenching on well-established civil and political rights, rendering them synonymous with criminal behavior that must be sanctioned legally, and tolerates abusive behavior by state agents toward human rights defenders, who are viewed as enemies. As such, it is key to an understanding of the current violence in Latin America. Fieldwork and interviews of human rights defenders in the two countries suggest that criminalization of collective action is a systemic state response to the intense multifaceted mobilization in favor of democracy and new generations of rights that Latin America has been experiencing “from below” during the past decade.

          La criminalización de los movimientos y protestas sociales sigue siendo un problema intrínseco a la democracia pero es poco analizado como tal. Una comparación del grado de violencia en dos países latinoamericanos, Chile y México, sugiere que, lejos de ser el producto del sistema legal u otros factores institucionales, la criminalización es una forma específica de reducir derechos civiles y políticos bien establecidos y convertirlos en sinónimo de comportamiento criminal que debe ser sancionado legalmente. Dicho proceso tolera el comportamiento abusivo por parte de agentes del estado hacia defensores de los derechos humanos, quienes aparecen como enemigos. Esto es crucial para entender la actual violencia en América Latina. La criminalización de la acción colectiva es una respuesta estatal sistémica a una intensa y multifacética movilización de grupos de base a favor de la democracia y nuevos derechos en esta última década.

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          Most cited references58

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          The Impact of Human Rights Trials in Latin America

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            Perverse state formation and securitized democracy in Latin America

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              The rise of the penal state in Latin America

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Latin American Perspectives
                Latin American Perspectives
                SAGE Publications
                0094-582X
                1552-678X
                September 2017
                July 03 2017
                September 2017
                : 44
                : 5
                : 183-206
                Article
                10.1177/0094582X17719258
                5946f4d9-cee0-434d-a741-cac9ef314f85
                © 2017

                http://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license

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