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      Prevalence of malaria parasitaemia among pregnant women at booking in Nigeria

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          Abstract

          Background

          Malaria is a major public health concern among pregnant women in sub‐Saharan Africa. Within the region, Nigeria has the highest malaria cases. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with malaria parasitaemia among pregnant women at a booking clinic in Ibadan, Nigeria.

          Methods

          A cross‐sectional study was conducted between January and April 2021 at the University College Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. A sample of 300 pregnant women participated, and anaemia and malaria were diagnosed using packed cell volume and Giemsa‐stained blood smears, respectively. Data analysis was done using SPSS 25.0.

          Results

          The study found that 26 (8.70%) pregnant women tested positive for malaria parasitaemia. Factors such as age, religion, level of education, and occupation were significantly related to the prevalence of malaria parasitaemia among pregnant women with p < 0.05.

          Conclusion

          Our study identified a high prevalence of malaria parasitaemia among pregnant women with demographic factors such as age, religion, level of education, and occupation significantly associated. Targeted malaria control interventions for pregnant women with low levels of education and low‐income occupations are necessary, with more research needed to evaluate their effectiveness.

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          Sample size calculation in medical studies

          Mohamad Pourhoseingholi, Mohsen Vahedi, Mitra Rahimzadeh (2013)
          Optimum sample size is an essential component of any research. The main purpose of the sample size calculation is to determine the number of samples needed to detect significant changes in clinical parameters, treatment effects or associations after data gathering. It is not uncommon for studies to be underpowered and thereby fail to detect the existing treatment effects due to inadequate sample size. In this paper, we explain briefly the basic principles of sample size calculations in medical studies.
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            An Overview of Malaria in Pregnancy

            Melissa Bauserman, Andrea L. Conroy, Krysten North … (2019)
            One hundred twenty-five million pregnant women are at risk for contracting malaria, a preventable cause of maternal and infant morbidity and death. Malaria parasites contribute to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes due to their preferential accumulation in placental intervillous spaces. Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to malaria infections, and malaria infections during pregnancy put their fetuses at risk. Malaria in pregnancy is associated with anemia, stillbirth, low birth weight and maternal and fetal death. We review the challenges to diagnosing malaria in pregnancy, as well as strategies to prevent and treat malaria in pregnancy. Finally, we discuss the current gaps in knowledge and potential areas for continued research.
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              Prevalence and Predictors of Asymptomatic Malaria Parasitemia among Pregnant Women in the Rural Surroundings of Arbaminch Town, South Ethiopia

              Desalegn Nega, Daniel Dana, Tamirat Tefera … (2015)
              Background In Sub-Saharan African countries, including Ethiopia, malaria in pregnancy is a major public health threat which results in significant morbidities and mortalities among pregnant women and their fetuses. In malaria endemic areas, Plasmodium infections tend to remain asymptomatic yet causing significant problems like maternal anemia, low birth weight, premature births, and still birth. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and predictors of asymptomatic Plasmodium infection among pregnant women in the rural surroundings of Arba Minch Town, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A community based cross-sectional study comprising multistage sampling was conducted between April and June, 2013. Socio-demographic data were collected by using a semi-structured questionnaire. Plasmodium infection was diagnosed by using Giemsa-stained blood smear microscopy and a rapid diagnostic test (SD BIOLINE Malaria Ag Pf/Pv POCT, standard diagnostics, inc., Korea). Results Of the total 341 pregnant women participated in this study, 9.1% (31/341) and 9.7% (33/341) were confirmed to be infected with Plasmodium species by microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), respectively. The geometric mean of parasite density was 2392 parasites per microliter (μl); 2275/ μl for P. falciparum and 2032/ μl for P. vivax. Parasitemia was more likely to occur in primigravidae (Adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 9.4, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.3–60.5), secundigravidae (AOR: 6.3, 95% CI: 2.9–27.3), using insecticide treated bed net (ITN) sometimes (AOR: 3.2, 95% CI: 1.8- 57.9), not using ITN at all (AOR: 4.6, 95% CI: 1.4–14.4) compared to multigravidae and using ITN always, respectively. Conclusion Asymptomatic malaria in this study is low compared to other studies’ findings. Nevertheless, given the high risk of malaria during pregnancy, pregnant women essentially be screened for asymptomatic Plasmodium infection and be treated promptly via the antenatal care (ANC) services.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Nicholas Aderinto:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0004-7389
                Nicholasoluwaseyi6@gmail.com
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Health Sci Rep
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Health Sci Rep
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1002/(ISSN)2398-8835
                Journal ID (publisher-id): HSR2
                Title: Health Science Reports
                Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                ISSN (Electronic): 2398-8835
                Publication date (Electronic): 09 June 2023
                Publication date Collection: June 2023
                Volume: 6
                Issue: 6 ( doiID: 10.1002/hsr2.v6.6 )
                Electronic Location Identifier: e1337
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology University College Hospital Ibadan Nigeria
                [ 2 ] Department of Medicine and Surgery Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence Nicholas Aderinto, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria.

                Email: Nicholasoluwaseyi6@ 123456gmail.com

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0004-7389
                Article
                Publisher ID: HSR21337
                DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1337
                PMC ID: 10256616
                PubMed ID: 37305154
                SO-VID: 5947f29c-b5d1-42c7-9246-1e7c8ec3011c
                Copyright © © 2023 The Authors. Health Science Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
                License:

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date revision received : 23 May 2023
                Date received : 19 February 2023
                Date accepted : 29 May 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 5, Pages: 8, Words: 4739
                Categories
                Subject: Original Research
                Subject: Original Research
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                cover-date June 2023
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:6.2.9 mode:remove_FC converted:09.06.2023

                Keywords: africa,malaria,nigeria,pregnancy,prevalence,sub‐saharan africa
                Data availability:
                Keywords: africa, malaria, nigeria, pregnancy, prevalence, sub‐saharan africa

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