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      Techniques of disinformation: Constructing and communicating “soft facts” after terrorism

      research-article
      1 ,
      The British Journal of Sociology
      John Wiley and Sons Inc.
      disinformation, social media, terrorism

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          Abstract

          Informed by social media data collected following four terror attacks in the UK in 2017, this article delineates a series of “techniques of disinformation” used by different actors to try and influence how the events were publicly defined and understood. By studying the causes and consequences of misleading information following terror attacks, the article contributes empirically to the neglected topic of social reactions to terrorism. It also advances scholarship on the workings of disinforming communications, by focusing on a domain other than political elections, which has been the empirical focus for most studies of disinformation to date. Theoretically, the analysis is framed by drawing an analogy with Gresham Sykes and David Matza's (1957) account of the role of “techniques of neutralization” originally published in the American Sociological Review. The connection being that where they studied deviant behaviour, a similar analytic lens can usefully be applied to disinformation cast as “deviant” information.

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          Most cited references14

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          Community Intelligence and Social Media Services: A Rumor Theoretic Analysis of Tweets During Social Crises

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            Towards an Ethical Framework for Publishing Twitter Data in Social Research: Taking into Account Users’ Views, Online Context and Algorithmic Estimation

            New and emerging forms of data, including posts harvested from social media sites such as Twitter, have become part of the sociologist’s data diet. In particular, some researchers see an advantage in the perceived ‘public’ nature of Twitter posts, representing them in publications without seeking informed consent. While such practice may not be at odds with Twitter’s terms of service, we argue there is a need to interpret these through the lens of social science research methods that imply a more reflexive ethical approach than provided in ‘legal’ accounts of the permissible use of these data in research publications. To challenge some existing practice in Twitter-based research, this article brings to the fore: (1) views of Twitter users through analysis of online survey data; (2) the effect of context collapse and online disinhibition on the behaviours of users; and (3) the publication of identifiable sensitive classifications derived from algorithms.
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              Rumor Has It: The Adoption of Unverified Information in Conflict Zones

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                InnesM@cardiff.ac.uk
                Journal
                Br J Sociol
                Br J Sociol
                10.1111/(ISSN)1468-4446
                BJOS
                The British Journal of Sociology
                John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                0007-1315
                1468-4446
                31 January 2020
                March 2020
                : 71
                : 2 ( doiID: 10.1111/bjos.v71.2 )
                : 284-299
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Crime and Security Research Institute Cardiff University Cardiff United Kingdom
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Martin Innes, Crime and Security Research Institute, Cardiff University, Glamorgan Building, King Edward VII Ave, Cardiff CF10 3WT, United Kingdom.

                Email: InnesM@ 123456cardiff.ac.uk

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8950-8147
                Article
                BJOS12735
                10.1111/1468-4446.12735
                7079108
                32002987
                59571f5f-90f5-43c9-9b56-fc962c6044b9
                © 2020 The Authors. The British Journal of Sociology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of London School of Economics and Political Science

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 15 March 2019
                : 24 November 2019
                : 29 November 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 1, Pages: 16, Words: 14035
                Funding
                Funded by: Economic and Social Research Council , open-funder-registry 10.13039/501100000269;
                Award ID: ES/N009614/1
                Categories
                Original Article
                ORIGINAL ARTICLES
                New Issues in Governance and Governmentality
                Custom metadata
                2.0
                March 2020
                Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.7.8 mode:remove_FC converted:18.03.2020

                disinformation,social media,terrorism
                disinformation, social media, terrorism

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