Epidemic situation of malaria in Dalian City from 2005 to 2016

Abstract

Objective To describe and analyze the epidemiological characteristics of malaria in Dalian City, so as to provide the evidence for adjusting and formulating malaria control strategy and measures, being in accordance with the practical situation in Dalian City.

Methods The data of malaria cases in Dalian City from 2005 to 2016 were collected from China Diseases Surveillance Information Reporting Management System (DSIRMS), to describe and analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of malaria in Dalian City.

Results A total of 143 malaria cases were reported in Dalian from 2005 to 2016, including 115 laboratory diagnosed cases, 27 clinically diagnosed cases, and 1 suspected diagnosed case. Among the 115 laboratory diagnosed patients, 65 patients were infected with Plasmodium falciparum, 19 were infected with P. vivax, and 15 had mixed infection, 4 were infected with P. ovale, 3 were infected with P. malariae, and 9 were unclassified. All the cases were imported, 127 were imported from Africa, accounting for 88.81%, mainly were imported from Equatorial Guinea, Liberia, Ghana and Nigeria. Most of the cases were imported from May to October, accounting for 58.74% (84/143), and the imported cases emerged a small peak in August. The ratio of males to females was 10∶1, and the median age was 42 years. Among the total cases, fishermen, migrant workers, and work-man accounted for 55.24% (79/143). Seventy-five patients lived in rural districts, and 68 patients lived in urban districts. The median interval from backing to China to disease onset was 8 days. The proportion of disease onset within one month after backing to China was 76.27% (90/118). The median interval from disease onset to diagnosis was 4 days, and the longest interval was 71 days. Totally 141 patients were cured and 2 died.

Conclusion In order to avoid malaria death, we should strengthen the malaria prevention and control, especially in rural districts, enhance the training for professionals in the county health facilities, and the surveillance and health education for those who are returned from malaria-endemic areas.

Abstract

[ 摘要] 目的 分析大连市疟疾疫情及其流行病学特征, 为调整和拟订适合该市的疟疾防控策略和措施提供科学根据。 方法 以 2005–2016 年中国疾病预防控制信息系统疟疾疫情报告资料为数据源, 描述和分析大连市疟疾疫情流行病学 特征。 结果 2005–2016 年大连市共报告 143 例疟疾病例, 其中实验室确诊病例 115 例、临床诊断病例 27 例、疑似病例 1 例, 实验室确诊病例包括 65 例恶性疟、19 例间日疟、4 例卵形疟、3 例三日疟、15 例恶性疟原虫和间日疟原虫混合感染、9 例未分型病例。在全部疟疾病例中, 非洲输入性病例 127 例, 占 88.81%, 病例输入较多的国家依次为赤道几内亚、利比里 亚、加纳和尼日利亚等; 5–10 月输入性病例数占全部病例数的 58.74% (84/143), 输入性病例在 8 月出现一个小高峰。143 例疟疾病例中, 男女比例为 10∶1, 中位年龄 42 岁, 在务工当地从事渔民、民工、工人等职业的病例占病例总数的 55.24% (79/143) ; 75 例来自农村地区, 68 例来自城市地区; 病例自回国到发病中位时间为 8 d, 回国后 1 个月内发病病例数占 76.27% (90/118) ; 病例从自觉发病到确诊为疟疾的时间间隔中位数为 4 d, 间隔时间最长达 71 d。141 例病例经规范足量 药物治疗后痊愈, 2 例死亡。 结论 今后要加强大连市农村地区的疟疾防控, 继续加强县级医疗机构培训, 并加强对从 境外疟疾流行区归国人员的疟疾监测和健康教育宣传, 避免发生死亡病例。