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      Fucaceae: A Source of Bioactive Phlorotannins

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          Abstract

          Fucaceae is the most dominant algae family along the intertidal areas of the Northern Hemisphere shorelines, being part of human customs for centuries with applications as a food source either for humans or animals, in agriculture and as remedies in folk medicine. These macroalgae are endowed with several phytochemicals of great industrial interest from which phlorotannins, a class of marine-exclusive polyphenols, have gathered much attention during the last few years due to their numerous possible therapeutic properties. These compounds are very abundant in brown seaweeds such as Fucaceae and have been demonstrated to possess numerous health-promoting properties, including antioxidant effects through scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or enhancement of intracellular antioxidant defenses, antidiabetic properties through their acarbose-like activity, stimulation of adipocytes glucose uptake and protection of β-pancreatic cells against high-glucose oxidative stress; anti-inflammatory effects through inhibition of several pro-inflammatory mediators; antitumor properties by activation of apoptosis on cancerous cells and metastasis inhibition, among others. These multiple health properties render phlorotannins great potential for application in numerous therapeutical approaches. This review addresses the major contribution of phlototannins for the biological effects that have been described for seaweeds from Fucaceae. In addition, the bioavailability of this group of phenolic compounds is discussed.

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          Phenolic compounds in plants and agri-industrial by-products: Antioxidant activity, occurrence, and potential uses

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            Bioavailability of the Polyphenols: Status and Controversies

            The current interest in polyphenols has been driven primarily by epidemiological studies. However, to establish conclusive evidence for the effectiveness of dietary polyphenols in disease prevention, it is useful to better define the bioavailability of the polyphenols, so that their biological activity can be evaluated. The bioavailability appears to differ greatly among the various phenolic compounds, and the most abundant ones in our diet are not necessarily those that have the best bioavailability profile. In the present review, we focus on the factors influencing the bioavailability of the polyphenols. Moreover, a critical overview on the difficulties and the controversies of the studies on the bioavailability is discussed.
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              A decade of change in the seaweed hydrocolloids industry

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int J Mol Sci
                Int J Mol Sci
                ijms
                International Journal of Molecular Sciences
                MDPI
                1422-0067
                21 June 2017
                June 2017
                : 18
                : 6
                : 1327
                Affiliations
                Department of Chemistry & Organic Chemistry, Natural Products and Food Stuffs Research Unit (QOPNA), University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal; mcatarino@ 123456ua.pt (M.D.C.); artur.silva@ 123456ua.pt (A.M.S.S.)
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: susanacardoso@ 123456ua.pt ; Tel.: +351-234-370-360; Fax: +351-234-370-084
                Article
                ijms-18-01327
                10.3390/ijms18061327
                5486148
                28635652
                596312cf-0e81-48fb-a704-141bb80bd80d
                © 2017 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 29 April 2017
                : 15 June 2017
                Categories
                Review

                Molecular biology
                seaweeds,algae,fucaceae,phlorotannins,bioactivities,antioxidant,antidiabetes,anti-inflammatory,antitumor,bioavailability

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