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      Therapeutic effects of photobiomodulation in the speech-language-hearing clinic: an integrative literature review Translated title: Efeitos terapêuticos da fotobiomodulação na clínica fonoaudiológica: uma revisão integrativa da literatura

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT Purpose: to conduct a literature review on the therapeutic effects of photobiomodulation applicable to speech-language-hearing therapy. Methods: the databases searched were the Cochrane Library, Virtual Health Library, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE) via PubMed, and Web of Science/ISI.The selected articles were original ones whose abstracts were available and that evaluated the therapeutic effect of photobiomodulation in situations related to speech-language-hearing practice. Results: the sample comprised 23 articles, most of them being indexed in PubMed. The fields of health with the largest number of publications were Physical Therapy and Medicine. The sample size ranged from1 to 99 people, aged 15 to 77 years, and the most applied wavelength was the infrared one. Most of the studies had positive photobiomodulation application results - although in a few publications the effects of this treatment modality were assessed in a combination with rehabilitation exercises. Conclusion: photobiomodulation benefits different disorders treated by speech-language-hearing therapists, however, there is a broad methodological diversity, lacking specific protocols for the ideal dosimetry for each disorder.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO Objetivo: realizar revisão de literatura sobre efeitos terapêuticos da fotobiomodulação aplicáveis à Fonoaudiologia. Métodos: foram utilizadas as bases de dados Biblioteca Cochrane, Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sistem online (Medline) via PuBmed e Web of Science/ISI. Foram selecionados artigos originais e com resumos disponíveis que avaliaram o efeito terapêutico da fotobiomodulação em situações relacionadas à prática fonoaudiológica. Resultados: a amostra consistiu em 23 artigos, a maioria indexada na PubMed. As áreas da Saúde com maior número de publicações foram Fisioterapia e Medicina. O tamanho das amostras variou de 1 a 99 indivíduos, faixas etárias entre 15 e 77 anos e o comprimento de onda mais aplicado foi o infravermelho. A maioria das pesquisas evidenciou resultados positivos da aplicação da fotobiomodulação, embora, em poucas publicações tenham sido avaliados os efeitos dessa modalidade de tratamento associados a exercícios de reabilitação. Conclusão: a fotobiomodulação traz benefícios em diferentes distúrbios tratados por fonoaudiólogos, no entanto, há grande diversidade metodológica e ausência de protocolos específicos da dosimetria ideal para cada distúrbio.

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          Most cited references38

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          Significant Improvement in Cognition in Mild to Moderately Severe Dementia Cases Treated with Transcranial Plus Intranasal Photobiomodulation: Case Series Report

          Abstract Objective: This study investigated whether patients with mild to moderately severe dementia or possible Alzheimer's disease (AD) with Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) Baseline scores of 10–24 would improve when treated with near-infrared photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy. Background: Animal studies have presented the potential of PBM for AD. Dysregulation of the brain's default mode network (DMN) has been associated with AD, presenting the DMN as an identifiable target for PBM. Materials and methods: The study used 810 nm, 10 Hz pulsed, light-emitting diode devices combining transcranial plus intranasal PBM to treat the cortical nodes of the DMN (bilateral mesial prefrontal cortex, precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, angular gyrus, and hippocampus). Five patients with mild to moderately severe cognitive impairment were entered into 12 weeks of active treatment as well as a follow-up no-treatment, 4-week period. Patients were assessed with the MMSE and Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog) tests. The protocol involved weekly, in-clinic use of a transcranial-intranasal PBM device; and daily at-home use of an intranasal-only device. Results: There was significant improvement after 12 weeks of PBM (MMSE, p < 0.003; ADAS-cog, p < 0.023). Increased function, better sleep, fewer angry outbursts, less anxiety, and wandering were reported post-PBM. There were no negative side effects. Precipitous declines were observed during the follow-up no-treatment, 4-week period. This is the first completed PBM case series to report significant, cognitive improvement in mild to moderately severe dementia and possible AD cases. Conclusions: Results suggest that larger, controlled studies are warranted. PBM shows potential for home treatment of patients with dementia and AD.
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            Improving executive function using transcranial infrared laser stimulation.

            Transcranial infrared laser stimulation is a new non-invasive form of low-level light therapy that may have a wide range of neuropsychological applications. It entails using low-power and high-energy-density infrared light from lasers to increase metabolic energy. Preclinical work showed that this intervention can increase cortical metabolic energy, thereby improving frontal cortex-based memory function in rats. Barrett and Gonzalez-Lima (2013, Neuroscience, 230, 13) discovered that transcranial laser stimulation can enhance sustained attention and short-term memory in humans. We extend this line of work to executive function. Specifically, we ask whether transcranial laser stimulation enhances performance in the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task that is considered the gold standard of executive function and is compromised in normal ageing and a number of neuropsychological disorders. We used a laser of a specific wavelength (1,064 nm) that photostimulates cytochrome oxidase - the enzyme catalysing oxygen consumption for metabolic energy production. Increased cytochrome oxidase activity is considered the primary mechanism of action of this intervention. Participants who received laser treatment made fewer errors and showed improved set-shifting ability relative to placebo controls. These results suggest that transcranial laser stimulation improves executive function and may have exciting potential for treating or preventing deficits resulting from neuropsychological disorders or normal ageing.
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              Cognitive Impairment and Rehabilitation Strategies After Traumatic Brain Injury

              Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is among the significant causes of morbidity and mortality in the present world. Around 1.6 million persons sustain TBI, whereas 200,000 die annually in India, thus highlighting the rising need for appropriate cognitive rehabilitation strategies. This literature review assesses the current knowledge of various cognitive rehabilitation training strategies. The entire spectrum of TBI severity; mild to severe, is associated with cognitive deficits of varying degree. Cognitive insufficiency is more prevalent and longer lasting in TBI persons than in the general population. A multidisciplinary approach with neuropsychiatric evaluation is warranted. Attention process training and tasks for attention deficits, compensatory strategies and errorless learning training for memory deficits, pragmatic language skills and social behavior guidance for cognitive-communication disorder, meta-cognitive strategy, and problem-solving training for executive disorder are the mainstay of therapy for cognitive deficits in persons with TBI. Cognitive impairments following TBI are common and vary widely. Different cognitive rehabilitation techniques and combinations in addition to pharmacotherapy are helpful in addressing various cognitive deficits.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                rcefac
                Revista CEFAC
                Rev. CEFAC
                ABRAMO Associação Brasileira de Motricidade Orofacial (São Paulo, SP, Brazil )
                1516-1846
                1982-0216
                2021
                : 23
                : 1
                : e9120
                Affiliations
                [1] Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina orgdiv2Programa de Ciências Fonoaudiológicas Brazil
                [2] Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais orgnameUniversidade Federal de Minas Gerais orgdiv1Faculdade de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Fonoaudiologia Brazil
                Article
                S1516-18462021000100602 S1516-1846(21)02300100602
                10.1590/1982-0216/20212319120
                596921a4-ab7e-4ebf-94d4-4f8245f11336

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 July 2020
                : 05 January 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 38, Pages: 0
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Categories
                Review Articles

                Sistema Estomatognático,Audiologia,Fonoaudiologia,Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade,Voz,Audiology,Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences,Stomatognathic System,Low-Level Light Therapy,Voice

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