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      • Record: found
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      The next generation of natural history collections

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      Author(s): 1 , * , 2
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: PLoS Biology
      Publisher: Public Library of Science

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          Abstract

          The last 50 years have witnessed rapid changes in the ways that natural history specimens are collected, preserved, analyzed, and documented. Those changes have produced unprecedented access to specimens, images, and data as well as impressive research results in organismal biology. The stage is now set for a new generation of collecting, preserving, analyzing, and integrating biological samples—a generation devoted to interdisciplinary research into complex biological interactions and processes. Next-generation collections may be essential for breakthrough research on the spread of infectious diseases, feeding Earth's growing population, adapting to climate change, and other grand research challenges. A decade-long investment in research collection infrastructure will be needed.

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          Most cited references22

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          Approaching a state shift in Earth's biosphere.

          Anthony D. Barnosky, Elizabeth Hadly, Jordi Bascompte … (2012)
          Localized ecological systems are known to shift abruptly and irreversibly from one state to another when they are forced across critical thresholds. Here we review evidence that the global ecosystem as a whole can react in the same way and is approaching a planetary-scale critical transition as a result of human influence. The plausibility of a planetary-scale 'tipping point' highlights the need to improve biological forecasting by detecting early warning signs of critical transitions on global as well as local scales, and by detecting feedbacks that promote such transitions. It is also necessary to address root causes of how humans are forcing biological changes.
          Article 0 comments Cited 521 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Niches and distributional areas: concepts, methods, and assumptions.

            Jorge Soberón, Miguel Nakamura (2009)
            Estimating actual and potential areas of distribution of species via ecological niche modeling has become a very active field of research, yet important conceptual issues in this field remain confused. We argue that conceptual clarity is enhanced by adopting restricted definitions of "niche" that enable operational definitions of basic concepts like fundamental, potential, and realized niches and potential and actual distributional areas. We apply these definitions to the question of niche conservatism, addressing what it is that is conserved and showing with a quantitative example how niche change can be measured. In this example, we display the extremely irregular structure of niche space, arguing that it is an important factor in understanding niche evolution. Many cases of apparently successful models of distributions ignore biotic factors: we suggest explanations to account for this paradox. Finally, relating the probability of observing a species to ecological factors, we address the issue of what objects are actually calculated by different niche modeling algorithms and stress the fact that methods that use only presence data calculate very different quantities than methods that use absence data. We conclude that the results of niche modeling exercises can be interpreted much better if the ecological and mathematical assumptions of the modeling process are made explicit.
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              Integrating biodiversity distribution knowledge: toward a global map of life.

              Walter Jetz, Jana M McPherson, Robert Guralnick (2012)
              Global knowledge about the spatial distribution of species is orders of magnitude coarser in resolution than other geographically-structured environmental datasets such as topography or land cover. Yet such knowledge is crucial in deciphering ecological and evolutionary processes and in managing global change. In this review, we propose a conceptual and cyber-infrastructure framework for refining species distributional knowledge that is novel in its ability to mobilize and integrate diverse types of data such that their collective strengths overcome individual weaknesses. The ultimate aim is a public, online, quality-vetted 'Map of Life' that for every species integrates and visualizes available distributional knowledge, while also facilitating user feedback and dynamic biodiversity analyses. First milestones toward such an infrastructure have now been implemented. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS Biol
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS Biol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosbiol
                Title: PLoS Biology
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Print): 1544-9173
                ISSN (Electronic): 1545-7885
                Publication date (Electronic): 16 July 2018
                Publication date Collection: July 2018
                Publication date PMC-release: 16 July 2018
                Volume: 16
                Issue: 7
                Electronic Location Identifier: e2006125
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C., United States of America
                [2 ] Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
                Author notes

                The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4364-6958
                Article
                Publisher ID: pbio.2006125
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2006125
                PMC ID: 6062129
                PubMed ID: 30011273
                SO-VID: 5976b6ee-7363-4ad3-b153-99f2bd307662
                Copyright © © 2018 Schindel, Cook
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 0, Pages: 8
                Funding
                The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Subject: Perspective
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Agriculture
                Subject: Pest Control
                Subject: Ecology and Environmental Sciences
                Subject: Species Colonization
                Subject: Invasive Species
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
                Subject: Pathogens
                Subject: Animal Pathogens
                Subject: Zoonotic Pathogens
                Subject: Research and Analysis Methods
                Subject: Research Facilities
                Subject: Museum Collections
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Species Interactions
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
                Subject: Pathogens
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Public and Occupational Health
                Subject: People and places
                Subject: Geographical locations
                Subject: North America
                Subject: United States
                Custom metadata
                PLOS Publication Stage vor-update-to-uncorrected-proof
                Publication Update 2018-07-26

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Life sciences

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