For Publishers
DiscoveryMetadataPeer reviewHostingPublishing
For Researchers
JoinPublishReviewCollect
Register
Blog
About
Search
Advanced search
My ScienceOpen
Search
For Publishers
For Researchers
Blog
About
93
views
34
references
 Top references
cited by
147
    
0 reviews
 Review
0
comments
 Comment
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      467
      similar
       All similar
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 4G/5G polymorphism and retinopathy risk in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis

      research-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPMC
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          Mounting evidence has suggested that plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a candidate for increased risk of diabetic retinopathy. Studies have reported that insertion/deletion polymorphism in the PAI-1 gene may influence the risk of this disease. To comprehensively address this issue, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association of PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes.

          Methods

          Data were retrieved in a systematic manner and analyzed using Review Manager and STATA Statistical Software. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of associations.

          Results

          Nine studies with 1, 217 cases and 1, 459 controls were included. Allelic and genotypic comparisons between cases and controls were evaluated. Overall analysis suggests a marginal association of the 4G/5G polymorphism with diabetic retinopathy (for 4G versus 5G: OR 1.13, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.26; for 4G/4G versus 5G/5G: OR 1.30, 95%CI 1.04 to 1.64; for 4G/4G versus 5G/5G + 4G/5G: OR 1.26, 95%CI 1.05 to 1.52). In subgroup analysis by ethnicity, we found an association among the Caucasian population (for 4G versus 5G: OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.30; for 4G/4G versus 5G/5G: OR 1.33, 95%CI 1.02 to 1.74; for 4G/4G versus 5G/5G + 4G/5G: OR 1.41, 95%CI 1.13 to 1.77). When stratified by the average duration of diabetes, patients with diabetes histories longer than 10 years have an elevated susceptibility to diabetic retinopathy than those with shorter histories (for 4G/4G versus 5G/5G: OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.08 to 2.00). We also detected a higher risk in hospital-based studies (for 4G/4G versus 5G/5G+4G/5G: OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.02 to 1.57).

          Conclusions

          The present meta-analysis suggested that 4G/5G polymorphism in the PAI-1 gene potentially increased the risk of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes and showed a discrepancy in different ethnicities. A higher susceptibility in patients with longer duration of diabetes (more than 10 years) indicated a gene-environment interaction in determining the risk of diabetic retinopathy.

          Related collections

          Most cited references34

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Molecular networks as sensors and drivers of common human diseases.

          Eric E. Schadt (2009)
          The molecular biology revolution led to an intense focus on the study of interactions between DNA, RNA and protein biosynthesis in order to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the cell. One consequence of this focus was a reduced attention to whole-system physiology, making it difficult to link molecular biology to clinical medicine. Equipped with the tools emerging from the genomics revolution, we are now in a position to link molecular states to physiological ones through the reverse engineering of molecular networks that sense DNA and environmental perturbations and, as a result, drive variations in physiological states associated with disease.
          Article 0 comments Cited 305 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Diabetes incidence and prevalence in Pima Indians: a 19-fold greater incidence than in Rochester, Minnesota.

            R Hamman, William C. Knowler, Robert Miller … (1978)
            The incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus were determined in 3733 Pima Indians aged 5 years or over by periodic examinations over a 10-year period. The examinations included modified glucose tolerance tests and medical record review. The age-sex adjusted prevalence rate was 21.1% (SE = 0.7%). Prevalence was low in childhood and plateaued at 40--50% in adults over 35 years of age. The age-sex adjusted incidence rate of 26.5 cases/1000 person-years (SE = 1.9) is the highest reported diabetes incidence known to the authors. Incidence increased from low levels in childhood to peak at age 40 (males) or 50 (females) and then gradually declined. Diabetes incidence was 19 times that in the predominantly white population of Rochester, Minnesota (95% confidence interval, 16 to 22 times). The high incidence rate was found despite using a more stringent diagnostic criterion than customarily employed, and was shown not be due to biased follow-up of subjects.
            Article 0 comments Cited 78 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Allele-specific increase in basal transcription of the plasminogen-activator inhibitor 1 gene is associated with myocardial infarction.

              P Eriksson, B Kallin, F M van 't Hooft … (1995)
              Increased plasminogen-activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) activity is a common finding in patients with coronary heart disease. Here we provide evidence for an independent, etiological role of PAI-1 in myocardial infarction. The 4G allele of a recently described common 4/5-guanine-tract (4G/5G) polymorphism in the PAI-1 promoter is associated with higher plasma PAI-1 activity. The prevalence of the 4G allele is significantly higher in patients with myocardial infarction before the age of 45 than in population-based controls (allele frequencies of 0.63 vs. 0.53). Both alleles bind a transcriptional activator, whereas the 5G allele also binds a repressor protein to an overlapping binding site. In the absence of bound repressor, the basal level of PAI-1 transcription is increased.
              Article 0 comments Cited 70 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
                Bookmark
                All references

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Med
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Med
                Title: BMC Medicine
                Publisher: BioMed Central
                ISSN (Electronic): 1741-7015
                Publication date Collection: 2013
                Publication date (Electronic): 2 January 2013
                Volume: 11
                Page: 1
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
                [2 ]Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin Eye Institute, Clinical College of Ophthalmology Tianjin Medical University, 4 Gansu Road, Tianjin, 300020, PR China
                [3 ]Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School of Yale University, 300 George Street, New Haven, 06511, USA
                [4 ]Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Cancer Institute and Hospital, Huanhu West Road, Tianjin, 300060, PR China
                [5 ]Saybrook College, Yale University, 242 Elm Street, New Haven, 06511, USA
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1741-7015-11-1
                DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-1
                PMC ID: 3565939
                PubMed ID: 23281898
                SO-VID: 59819eba-3d02-4111-9178-d6998ea2a820
                Copyright © Copyright ©2013 Zhang et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 17 May 2012
                Date accepted : 2 January 2013
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: diabetic retinopathy,meta-analysis,pai-1,polymorphism,type 2 diabetes
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Medicine
                Keywords: diabetic retinopathy, meta-analysis, pai-1, polymorphism, type 2 diabetes

                Comments

                Comment on this article

                scite_

                Similar content467

                See all similar

                Cited by245

                See all cited by

                Most referenced authors1,280

                See all reference authors