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      Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings in lymphoid tissues of the endangered Iberian lynx ( Lynx pardinus)

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          Abstract

          The Iberian lynx ( Lynx pardinus) is the most threatened wild feline in the world. Little is known about the diseases and pathology that affect this animal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathological status of the peripheral lymphoid tissues and thymus of Iberian lynxes necropsied between 1998 and 2003. Seventeen animals including females ( n=8) and males ( n=9), age range of 10 months to 16 years, with different causes of death were histopathologically and immunohistochemically (anti-CD3, CD79, MAC387, CD68) studied. Feline immunosuppressive virus laboratorial tests were negative. Five individuals presented neoplasia and/or tuberculosis. All animals presented some degree of both B and T cells depletion in peripheral lymphoid tissues and follicular hyalinosis in the center of depleted follicles. A viral origin of the lymphoid depletion is postulated although other causes (inbreeding, stress, toxic) are not ruled out. The loss of the effectiveness of the immune system increases the vulnerability of the critically endangered Iberian lynx to pathogens.

          Résumé

          Le lynx d'Espagne (Lynx pardinus) est l'espe`ce de fe´lin sauvage la plus menace´e au monde. Les maladies affectant cette espe`ce sont mal connues. L'objectif de cette e´tude est d'examiner l'histopathologie des tissus et organes lymphoïdes secondaires et du thymus chez plusieurs lynx d'Espagne soumis a` examen ne´cropsique entre 1998 et 2003. Les tissus et organes de dix sept lynx, dont 8 femelles et 9 males, d'aˆge compris entre 10 mois et 16 ans, et morts de diffe´rentes causes, ont e´te´ e´value´s par histopathologie et immunohistochimie (anti-CD3, CD79, MAC387, CD68). Les examens de laboratoire e´valuant le statut d'infection vis a` vis du virus de l'immunode´ficience feline (FIV) se sont re´ve´le´s ne´gatifs. Cinq lynx pre´sentaient une pathologie tumorale et/ou e´taient atteints de tuberculose. Tous les animaux montraient un certain degre ´ de de´ple´tion lymphoide, a` la fois des territoires B- et T-de´pendants des tissus lymphoïdes secondaires ainsi que des le´sions de hyalinose folliculaire au centre des follicules lymphoïdes de´ple´te´s. Une origine virale a` cette de´ple´tion lymphoïde est propose´e bien que d'autres causes (dont une consanguinite´ excessive, le stress ou une origine toxique) ne peuvent eˆtre exclues. L'immunode´pression potentiellement associe´e est suceptible d'augmenter la susceptibilite´ aux agents pathoge`nes des lynx d'Espagne, dont la population est de´ja` en danger critique.

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          Most cited references15

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          A comparison of lymphatic tissues from cats with spontaneous feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), cats with FIP virus infection but no FIP, and cats with no infection.

          Lymphatic tissues (spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes, thymus) from 24 cats with spontaneous feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) were examined by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry for cellularity, cellular composition, and degree of cellular turnover. Additionally, the formation of granulomatous lesions in lymphatic tissues in cats with FIP was examined. For comparison, tissues from 14 specific pathogen-free (SPF) cats and seven cats infected with FIP virus (FIPV; as the result of long-term exposure) but free from FIP were examined. In cats with FIP, the precardial mediastinum (including site of the thymus) and mesenteric lymph node parenchyma were often affected by granulomatous-necrotizing processes. In general, lymphoid tissues showed T- and B-cell depletion, often including massive to complete thymic involution or atrophy. In some cases, the number of apoptotic lymphocytes was increased in lymphoid follicles as well as in T-cell zones. The number of macrophages was increased in the splenic red pulp. In contrast, the FIPV-exposed cats without FIP generally showed a distinct lymphoid hyperplasia. The findings indicated that the major difference in lymphatic tissues between FIPV-infected cats with FIP and those without FIP was the development of lymphocyte depletion in the first group and lymphocyte proliferation in the second. Copyright Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
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            Internal structure and patterns of contraction in the geographic range of the Iberian lynx

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              Bovine tuberculosis and the endangered Iberian lynx.

              We report the first case of bovine tuberculosis in a free-living Iberian lynx (Lynx pardina), an extremely endangered feline, from Doñana National Park in Spain. The isolate (Mycobacterium bovis) correlates by molecular characterization with other isolates from wild ungulates in the park, strongly suggesting an epidemiologic link. Mycobacterium bovis infects many animal species, with wild and free-ranging domestic ungulates being the main reservoirs in nature (1).
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis
                Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis
                Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
                Elsevier Ltd.
                0147-9571
                1878-1667
                19 April 2006
                March-May 2006
                19 April 2006
                : 29
                : 2
                : 114-126
                Affiliations
                Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pathology, Veterinary School, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. Tel.: +34 91 394 37 40; fax: +34 91 394 38 08. laurape@ 123456vet.ucm.es
                Article
                S0147-9571(06)00006-3
                10.1016/j.cimid.2006.01.003
                7136978
                16624407
                5985d3d5-d0e2-4d3b-8f89-5aaf8e7d0240
                Copyright © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

                Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

                History
                : 28 January 2006
                Categories
                Article

                Microbiology & Virology
                iberian lynx,histopathology,immunohistochemistry,immune depletion,cd3,cd79,mac387,cd68,tuberculosis,lynx d'espange,histopathologie,immunohistochimie,de´ple´tion lymphoïde,tuberculose

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