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      Call for Papers: Beyond Biology: The Crucial Role of Sex and Gender in Oncology

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      About Oncology Research and Treatment: 2.4 Impact Factor I 3.3 CiteScore I 0.495 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Applications of Blockchain Technology for Data-Sharing in Oncology: Results from a Systematic Literature Review

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          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background: Timely sharing of electronic health records across providers, while ensuring data security and privacy, is essential for prompt care of cancer patients, as well as for the development of medical research and the enhancement of personalized medicine. Yet, it is not trivial to achieve efficient consent management, data exchange, and access-control policy enforcement, in particular, in decentralized settings, and given the gravity of the condition such as cancer. Using blockchain technology (BCT) has been recently advocated by research communities and gained momentum from the industry perspective. However, most of the proposed solutions are at the level of a prototype, and blockchain-based healthcare data management systems are not in place yet. Summary: This paper presents a systematic literature review, aiming to analyze the motivations, advantages, and limitations, as well as barriers and future challenges faced when applying the state-of-the-art distributed ledger technology in oncology. We then discuss its outcomes and propose the direction of the future research that can help to attain integration and adoption of the BCT for data-sharing, medical research, and the pharmaceutical supply chain in oncology, as well as in healthcare in general. Key Messages: BCT has the potential to enhance data-sharing (for primary care and medical research), as well as to attain optimization of the pharmaceutical supply chain by bringing properties such as transparency, traceability, and immutability to the applications. However, BCT itself cannot guarantee data privacy and security. Thus, it is never proposed as a stand-alone technology, but as a combined technology with cryptographic techniques. Regardless of the number of existing prototypes of blockchain-based healthcare systems, due to the existing barriers of the adoption (e.g., legal, social, and technological limitations), there is a lack of evaluation in real-world settings. Aiming to overcome these limitations, we propose future research directions that include design of the privacy-preserving hybrid data storage, interoperable infrastructures and architecture, and are compliant with the international laws and regulations.

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          Most cited references26

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          Healthcare Data Gateways: Found Healthcare Intelligence on Blockchain with Novel Privacy Risk Control.

          Healthcare data are a valuable source of healthcare intelligence. Sharing of healthcare data is one essential step to make healthcare system smarter and improve the quality of healthcare service. Healthcare data, one personal asset of patient, should be owned and controlled by patient, instead of being scattered in different healthcare systems, which prevents data sharing and puts patient privacy at risks. Blockchain is demonstrated in the financial field that trusted, auditable computing is possible using a decentralized network of peers accompanied by a public ledger. In this paper, we proposed an App (called Healthcare Data Gateway (HGD)) architecture based on blockchain to enable patient to own, control and share their own data easily and securely without violating privacy, which provides a new potential way to improve the intelligence of healthcare systems while keeping patient data private. Our proposed purpose-centric access model ensures patient own and control their healthcare data; simple unified Indicator-Centric Schema (ICS) makes it possible to organize all kinds of personal healthcare data practically and easily. We also point out that MPC (Secure Multi-Party Computing) is one promising solution to enable untrusted third-party to conduct computation over patient data without violating privacy.
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            FHIRChain: Applying Blockchain to Securely and Scalably Share Clinical Data

            Secure and scalable data sharing is essential for collaborative clinical decision making. Conventional clinical data efforts are often siloed, however, which creates barriers to efficient information exchange and impedes effective treatment decision made for patients. This paper provides four contributions to the study of applying blockchain technology to clinical data sharing in the context of technical requirements defined in the “Shared Nationwide Interoperability Roadmap” from the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology (ONC). First, we analyze the ONC requirements and their implications for blockchain-based systems. Second, we present FHIRChain, which is a blockchain-based architecture designed to meet ONC requirements by encapsulating the HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) standard for shared clinical data. Third, we demonstrate a FHIRChain-based decentralized app using digital health identities to authenticate participants in a case study of collaborative decision making for remote cancer care. Fourth, we highlight key lessons learned from our case study.
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              Blockchain for AI: Review and Open Research Challenges

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                OCL
                Oncology
                10.1159/issn.0030-2414
                Oncology
                S. Karger AG
                978-3-318-06744-6
                978-3-318-06745-3
                0030-2414
                1423-0232
                2020
                June 2020
                03 December 2019
                : 98
                : 6
                : 403-411
                Affiliations
                [_a] aBlockchain Lab, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Rotkreuz, Switzerland
                [_b] bSwisscom, Zurich, Switzerland
                [_c] cIBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, New York, USA
                [_d] dDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, New York, USA
                [_e] eDepartment of Biomedical Informatics and Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
                Author notes
                *Alevtina Dubovitskaya, Blockchain Lab, Lucerne School of Information Technology, Lucerne University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Suurstoffi 1, CH–6343 Rotkreuz (Switzerland), E-Mail alevtina.dubovitskaya@hslu.ch
                Article
                504325 Oncology 2020;98:403–411
                10.1159/000504325
                31794967
                598b8749-9e85-4b39-83f8-b4dfbd888b32
                © 2019 S. Karger AG, Basel

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                : 07 May 2019
                : 23 October 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 1, Pages: 9
                Categories
                Oncology and Informatics – Review

                Oncology & Radiotherapy,Geriatric medicine,Cardiovascular Medicine,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry,Public health
                Blockchain,Pharmaceutical supply chain,Medical research,Data-sharing

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