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      Overweight and obese patients with nickel allergy have a worse metabolic profile compared to weight matched non-allergic individuals

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          Abstract

          Background

          A lack of balance between energy intake and expenditure due to overeating or reduced physical activity does not seem to explain entirely the obesity epidemic we are facing, and further factors are therefore being evaluated. Nickel (Ni) is a ubiquitous heavy metal implied in several health conditions. Regarding this, the European Food Safety Authority has recently released an alert on the possible deleterious effects of dietary Ni on human health given the current levels of Ni dietary intake in some countries. Pre-clinical studies have also suggested its role as an endocrine disruptor and have linked its exposure to energy metabolism and glucose homeostasis dysregulation. Ni allergy is common in the general population, but preliminary data suggest it being even more widespread among overweight patients.

          Objectives

          The aim of this study has been to evaluate the presence of Ni allergy and its association with the metabolic and endocrine profile in overweight and obese individuals.

          Methods

          We have evaluated 1128 consecutive overweight and obese outpatients. 784 were suspected of being allergic to Ni and 666 were assessed for it. Presence of Ni allergy and correlation with body mass index (BMI), body composition, metabolic parameters and hormonal levels were evaluated.

          Results

          We report that Ni allergy is more frequent in presence of weight excess and is associated with worse metabolic parameters and impaired Growth Hormone secretion.

          Conclusions

          We confirm that Ni allergy is more common in obese patients, and we report for the first time its association with worse metabolic parameters and impaired function of the GH-IGF1 axis in human subjects.

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          Most cited references36

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          Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and roles of inflammation--mechanisms and therapeutic targets.

          Obesity and its comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, are associated with a state of chronic low-grade inflammation that can be detected both systemically and within specific tissues. Areas of active investigation focus on the molecular bases of metabolic inflammation and potential pathogenic roles in insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. An increased accumulation of macrophages occurring in obese adipose tissue has emerged as a key process in metabolic inflammation. Recent studies have also begun to unravel the heterogeneity of adipose tissue macrophages, and their physical and functional interactions with adipocytes, endothelial cells, and other immune cells within the adipose tissue microenvironment. Translating the information gathered from experimental models of insulin resistance and diabetes into meaningful therapeutic interventions is a tantalizing goal with long-term global health implications. In this context, ongoing clinical studies are testing the effects of targeting inflammation systemically on metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes.
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            Nickel, its adverse health effects & oxidative stress.

            Nickel-induced toxicity and carcinogenicity, with an emphasis on the generation and role of reactive oxygen species is reviewed. Nickel is a known haematotoxic, immunotoxic, neurotoxic, genotoxic, reproductive toxic, pulmonary toxic, nephrotoxic , hepatotoxic and carcinogenic agent. This article presents a selective review on nickel and effect of its acute, subchronic and chronic doses on certain metabolically active tissues in human as well as animals. Nickel exposure causes formation of free radicals in various tissues in both human and animals which lead to various modifications to DNA bases, enhanced lipid peroxidation, and altered calcium and sulphydryl homeostasis. The primary route for nickel toxicity is depletion of glutathione and bonding to sulphydryl groups of proteins. Nickel homeostasis, nickel-induced activation of signaling pathways and the protective role of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants against nickel toxicity and carcinogenicity are also discussed.
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              Heavy metals, islet function and diabetes development.

              It has long been believed that heavy metals possess many adverse health effects. Uncontrolled industrialization has released heavy metal pollution in the world. Heavy metal pollutants damage organ functions and disrupt physiological homeostasis. Diabetes mellitus is growing in prevalence worldwide. Several studies have indicated that the deficiency and efficiency of some essential trace metals may play a role in the islet function and development of diabetes mellitus. Some toxic metals have also been shown to be elevated in biological samples of diabetes mellitus patients. In the present work, we review the important roles of heavy metals in islet function and diabetes development in which the in vitro, in vivo or human evidences are associated with exposure to zinc, arsenic, cadmium, mercury and nickel. Through this work, we summarize the evidence which suggests that some heavy metals may play an important role in diabetes mellitus as environmental risk factors.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: Formal analysisRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Formal analysisRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: InvestigationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: SupervisionRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                28 August 2018
                2018
                : 13
                : 8
                : e0202683
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Pathophysiology, Food Science and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
                [2 ] Department of Sensory Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
                [3 ] Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Rome, Italy
                Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, UNITED STATES
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2225-8814
                Article
                PONE-D-18-08601
                10.1371/journal.pone.0202683
                6112671
                30153310
                599e5455-5574-4153-8b71-a54e21975f31
                © 2018 Watanabe et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 16 April 2018
                : 6 August 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 3, Pages: 12
                Funding
                The authors received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Parameters
                Body Weight
                Obesity
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Parameters
                Body Weight
                Obesity
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Clinical Medicine
                Clinical Immunology
                Allergies
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Immunology
                Clinical Immunology
                Allergies
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Immunology
                Clinical Immunology
                Allergies
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Processes
                Homeostasis
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Processes
                Homeostasis
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Endocrinology
                Diabetic Endocrinology
                Insulin
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Hormones
                Insulin
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Parameters
                Body Weight
                Obesity
                Morbid Obesity
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Parameters
                Body Weight
                Obesity
                Morbid Obesity
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biochemistry
                Metabolism
                Carbohydrate Metabolism
                Glucose Metabolism
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Parameters
                Body Weight
                Body Mass Index
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Parameters
                Body Weight
                Body Mass Index
                Physical Sciences
                Chemistry
                Chemical Elements
                Nickel
                Custom metadata
                The deidentified dataset is available on Zenodo: 10.5281/zenodo.1345035. All other data are available within the paper.

                Uncategorized
                Uncategorized

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