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      Effects of Training Course on Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens: A Controlled Interventional Study

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          Abstract

          Background:

          One of the serious occupational concerns in health care workers (HCWs) is exposure to blood/body fluids that can transmit blood borne pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B and C viruses. We are reporting the effects of training course and surveillance on the rate of needle stick injuries (NSIs) among HCWs at an educational hospital in Iran.

          Aims:

          To evaluate the effects of training course on the rate of NSIs and its reporting.

          Methods:

          We selected two hospitals (A&B) based on their similarities in wards and facilities then asked the managers of these two hospitals to participate in our study. We established a new occupational health center and conducted a training course at hospital A on 2010 and compared it with control group (hospital B). The data from 2009 to 2011 was collected, analyzed to compare pre and post intervention rates.

          Results:

          During study period nurses sustained the highest number of injuries (hospital A: n=80; 66.1% and hospital B: n=64; 35.4%). The incidence rate of NSIs in hospital A was 7.16 NSI/100FTE/YEAR before the intervention which was increased to 12.06 after the intervention. In hospital B this rate was 6.05 during three years.

          Conclusions:

          The study revealed remarkable increase in the incidence rate of NSIs after the intervention. This is being achieved by meticulous surveillance, training course and improving awareness

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          Most cited references27

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          Long working hours increase the risk of sharp and needlestick injury in nurses: the need for new policy implication.

          This paper reports a study to determine the sharp and needlestick injury incidence in nurses working at a university hospital and the contributing factors. Although it is generally felt that working in the healthcare sector is clean and without risk, healthcare staff and especially physicians and nurses who generally work very long hours are actually exposed to various occupational risks. Sharps and needlestick injuries are important problems for healthcare workers as they increase the risk of spread of infection. A self-administered questionnaire was completed in October 2005 by 449 of the 516 nurses working at a Turkish hospital (response rate 87.0%). The percentage of nurses experiencing a sharp or needlestick injury during their professional life was 79.7%. The incidence of exposure to sharp or needlestick injury in the last year was 68.4%. The factors increasing the rate of sharp and needlestick injury were: age 24 years and less,
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            Evaluation of interventions to prevent needlestick injuries in health care occupations.

            The objective of this study was to evaluate interventions that reduce or prevent needlestick injuries in health care occupations. Cochrane Collaboration search strategies to locate studies that evaluated interventions to reduce needlestick injuries in health care occupations were used. Studies were selected if they met the following criteria: (1) interventions were evaluated in the defined population; (2) interventions were randomized, with a comparison group(s); (3) outcomes were objectively measured and had interpretable data. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria. The main outcomes of interest were changes in the number of glove or skin perforations and changes in amount of skin contamination. Three studies found a decrease in glove or skin perforations when double gloves or combinations of gloves were used by surgeons and their assistants. One study found an increase in glove perforations but a decrease in hand contamination. Three studies evaluated the effectiveness of specialized needles in reducing needlestick injuries during surgical wound closure with decreases in glove or skin perforations reported. Protective devices were evaluated in three studies and significant reductions in glove perforations were found with the use of a needleless intravenous system and surgical assist device. One study evaluated a "no-touch" technique used by surgeons during wound closure and found a significant decrease in the number of glove perforations compared to the traditional "hand-in" method of closure. Few randomized controlled trials have been employed to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to reduce needlestick injuries in health care occupations. The majority of the studies evaluated interventions during surgical procedures, rather than during patient care on nursing units, probably because the latter is more difficult to observe.
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              Needle stick injuries in a tertiary care hospital.

              Accidental needle stick injuries (NSIs) are an occupational hazard for healthcare workers (HCWs). A recent increase in NSIs in a tertiary care hospital lead to a 1-year review of the pattern of injuries, with a view to determine risk factors for injury and potential interventions for prevention. We reviewed 1-year (July 2006-June 2007) of ongoing surveillance of NSIs. The 296 HCWs reporting NSIs were 84 (28.4%) nurses, 27 (9.1%) nursing interns, 45 (21.6%) cleaning staff, 64 (21.6%) doctors, 47 (15.9%) medical interns and 24 (8.1%) technicians. Among the staff who had NSIs, 147 (49.7%) had a work experience of less than 1 year (n = 230, 77.7%). In 73 (24.6%) of the NSIs, the patient source was unknown. Recapping of needles caused 25 (8.5%) and other improper disposal of the sharps resulted in 55 (18.6%) of the NSIs. Immediate post-exposure prophylaxis for HCWs who reported injuries was provided. Subsequent 6-month follow-up for human immunodeficiency virus showed zero seroconversion. Improved education, prevention and reporting strategies and emphasis on appropriate disposal are needed to increase occupational safety for HCWs.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Int J Prev Med
                Int J Prev Med
                IJPVM
                International Journal of Preventive Medicine
                Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd (India )
                2008-7802
                2008-8213
                November 2013
                : 4
                : 11
                : 1236-1242
                Affiliations
                [1]Department of Occupational Medicine, Center for Research on Occupational Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Dr. Mansooreh Meshki, Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Enghelab Square, Poursina Steet, Tehran, Iran. E-mail: mansurehmeshki@ 123456yahoo.com
                Article
                IJPVM-4-1236
                3883246
                24404356
                59a419a8-0c7e-4864-8ae8-71349b01191d
                Copyright: © International Journal of Preventive Medicine

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 25 February 2012
                : 16 December 2012
                Categories
                Original Article

                Health & Social care
                bloodborne pathogens,health care workers,needle stick injuries
                Health & Social care
                bloodborne pathogens, health care workers, needle stick injuries

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