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      Event-related potential measures of executive functioning from preschool to adolescence.

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          Abstract

          Executive functions are a collection of cognitive abilities necessary for behavioural control and regulation, and are important for school success. Executive deficits are common across acquired and developmental disorders in childhood and beyond. This review aims to summarize how studies using event-related potential (ERP) can provide insight into mechanisms underpinning how executive functions develop in children from preschool to adolescence. We specifically focus on ERP components that are considered to be well-established markers of executive functioning, including the ability to resist distraction (inhibition, N200), hold scenes in mind (visuospatial working memory, contralateral delay activity), attend to specific stimuli (information processing, P300), follow rules (response monitoring, error-related negativity [ERN], and error-related positivity [Pe]), and adjust to feedback (outcome monitoring, feedback-related negativity). All of these components show developmental changes from preschool to adolescence, in line with behavioural and neuroimaging findings. These ERP markers also show altered developmental trajectories in the context of atypical executive functions. As an example, deficits in executive function are prominently implicated in attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Therefore, this review highlights ERP studies that have investigated the above ERP components in this population. Overall, ERPs provide a useful marker for the development and dysfunction of executive skills, and provide insight into their neurophysiological basis.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Dev Med Child Neurol
          Developmental medicine and child neurology
          Wiley-Blackwell
          1469-8749
          0012-1622
          Jun 2017
          : 59
          : 6
          Affiliations
          [1 ] School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
          [2 ] MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK.
          [3 ] Developmental Neurosciences Programme, University College London, London, UK.
          Article
          10.1111/dmcn.13395
          28164277
          59ae9fe2-7e11-44b1-999d-f45359265467
          History

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