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      Efficacy of a novel topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel against Notoedres cati mange in cats Translated title: Efficacité d’une nouvelle association topique d’esafoxolaner, d’éprinomectine et de praziquantel contre la gale à Notoedres cati chez le chat

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      Parasite
      EDP Sciences
      Cat, Efficacy, Eprinomectin, Esafoxolaner, Notoedres cati, Mange

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          Abstract

          The therapeutic efficacy against notoedric mange of a topical combination of esafoxolaner, eprinomectin and praziquantel (Nexgard ® Combo, Boehringer Ingelheim) was evaluated in a masked, controlled clinical study including 14 cats with natural or induced Notoedres cati infestation. Cats were allocated randomly to two groups of seven cats each, to be administered either mineral oil (placebo control) or NexGard ® Combo. Each treatment was administered once as spot-on at 0.12 mL per kg body weight (representing the minimum label dosage of NexGard ® Combo, i.e. 1.44 mg esafoxolaner, 0.48 mg eprinomectin, and 10.0 mg praziquantel per kg body weight). Live mites were counted in skin scrapings collected within seven days prior to and 14, 27/28, 42 and 56 days after treatment to calculate the percentage efficacy of NexGard ® Combo based on the comparison of mean live mite counts of the two groups. Concurrently, mange lesions and clinical signs were scored to establish a clinical success valuation. No live mites were recovered from any NexGard ® Combo-treated cats post-treatment, indicating 100% therapeutic efficacy following a single spot-on administration of the novel antiparasitic combination . The clinical success valuations in the NexGard ® Combo-treated cats were 14.3%, 42.8%, 100% and 100% at 14, 27/28, 42 and 56 days after treatment, respectively. No health problems were observed throughout the study.

          Translated abstract

          L’efficacité thérapeutique contre la gale notoédrique d’une association topique d’esafoxolaner, d’éprinomectine et de praziquantel (Nexgard ® Combo, Boehringer Ingelheim) a été évaluée dans une étude clinique contrôlée et masquée portant sur 14 chats atteints d’une infestation naturelle ou induite par Notoedres cati. Les chats ont été répartis au hasard en deux groupes de sept chats chacun, traités soit avec de l’huile minérale (contrôle placebo), soit avec NexGard ® Combo. Chaque traitement a été administré en une seule fois à raison de 0,12 mL par kg de poids corporel (représentant la posologie minimale indiquée sur l’étiquette de NexGard ® Combo, c’est-à-dire 1,44 mg d’esafoxolaner plus 0,48 mg d’éprinomectine plus 10,0 mg de praziquantel par kg de poids corporel). Les acariens vivants ont été comptés par grattage de peau et recueillis dans les sept jours précédant le traitement et 14, 27/28, 42 et 56 jours après le traitement pour calculer le pourcentage d’efficacité de NexGard ® Combo basé sur la comparaison du nombre moyen d’acariens vivants des deux groupes. Parallèlement, les lésions de la gale et les signes cliniques ont été mesurés pour établir une évaluation du succès clinique. Aucun acarien vivant n’a été retrouvé chez les chats traités par NexGard ® Combo après le traitement, ce qui indique une efficacité thérapeutique de 100% après une administration ponctuelle unique de la nouvelle association antiparasitaire. L’évaluation du succès clinique chez les chats traités par NexGard ® Combo était de 14,3 %, 42,8 %, 100 % et 100 %, respectivement 14, 27/28, 42 et 56 jours après le traitement. Aucun problème de santé n’a été observé tout au long de l’étude.

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          Most cited references15

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          Macrocyclic lactones in the treatment and control of parasitism in small companion animals.

          Macrocyclic lactones (MLs) have many anti-parasitic applications in small companion animal medicine. They were first developed as chemoprophylactics against heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection to be applied monthly for retroactive killing of third- and fourth-stage larvae. ML-containing products formulated for oral (ivermectin, milbemycin oxime), topical (selamectin, moxidectin) or injectable sustained release (moxidectin, ivermectin) are approved for heartworm prevention in dogs or cats. Clearance of microfilariae and gradual or "soft" killing of adult heartworms constitute increasingly prevalent extra-label uses of MLs against D. immitis. Some commercial ML formulations contain sufficient levels of active ingredient (milbemycin oxime, selamectin, moxidectin) to support additional label claims against gastrointestinal nematode parasites such as hookworms (Ancylostoma spp.) and ascarid round worms (Toxocara spp. and Toxascaris leonina). Beyond these approved applications, safe, extra-label uses of MLs against nematodes parasitizing the urinary tract, such as Capillaria spp., and parasites of the tissues, such as Dipetalonema reconditum, Dirofilaria repens, Thelazia spp. and Spirocerca lupi, in dogs and cats as well as exotic pets have been reported. MLs as a group have intrinsic insecticidal and acaricidal activity, and topical or otic formulations of certain compounds (selamectin, moxidectin, milbemycin oxime or ivermectin) are approved for treatment and control of fleas, certain ixodid ticks, sarcoptiform and demodectic mange mites and psoroptiform ear mites. Extra-label applications of MLs against ectoparasites include notoedric mange mites, dermanyssids such as Ornythonussus bacoti, numerous species of fur mite (e.g. Cheyletiella spp. and Lynxacarus) and trombiculids ("chiggers") in cats, dogs and nontraditional or exotic pets.
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            A synthetic review of notoedres species mites and mange.

            Notoedric mange, caused by obligately parasitic sarcoptiform Notoedres mites, is associated with potentially fatal dermatitis with secondary systemic disease in small mammals, felids and procyonids among others, as well as an occasional zoonosis. We describe clinical spectra in non-chiropteran hosts, review risk factors and summarize ecological and epidemiological studies. The genus is disproportionately represented on rodents. Disease in felids and procyonids ranges from very mild to death. Knowledge of the geographical distribution of the mites is highly inadequate, with focal hot spots known for Notoedres cati in domestic cats and bobcats. Predisposing genetic and immunological factors are not known, except that co-infection with other parasites and anticoagulant rodenticide toxicoses may contribute to severe disease. Treatment of individual animals is typically successful with macrocytic lactones such as selamectin, but herd or wildlife population treatment has not been undertaken. Transmission requires close contact and typically is within a host species. Notoedric mange can kill half all individuals in a population and regulate host population below non-diseased density for decades, consistent with frequency-dependent transmission or spillover from other hosts. Epidemics are increasingly identified in various hosts, suggesting global change in suitable environmental conditions or increased reporting bias.
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              • Record: found
              • Abstract: not found
              • Article: not found

              The taxonomy, life cycle and pathology of Sarcoptes scabiei and Notoedres cati (Acarina, Sarcoptidae): A review in a Fennoscandian wildlife perspective

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Parasite
                Parasite
                parasite
                Parasite
                EDP Sciences
                1252-607X
                1776-1042
                2021
                02 April 2021
                : 28
                : ( publisher-idID: parasite/2021/01 )
                : 27
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica GmbH, Kathrinenhof Research Center Walchenseestr. 8–12 83101 Rohrdorf Germany
                [2 ] Kapriol Bt. Vak Bottyán St. 1 8330 Sümeg Hungary
                [3 ] Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health 3239 Satellite Blvd Duluth 30096 GA USA
                Author notes
                Article
                parasite200205 10.1051/parasite/2021023
                10.1051/parasite/2021023
                8019547
                33812459
                5a02167e-bfe2-4e4f-aa3d-2c67f19d823c
                © M. Knaus et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2021

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 09 December 2020
                : 08 March 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 1, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 16, Pages: 6
                Categories
                Research Article
                Special Issue – NexGard ® Combo (esafoxolaner, eprinomectin, praziquantel): A new endectocide spot-on formulation for cats. Invited Editor: Frédéric Beugnet

                cat,efficacy,eprinomectin,esafoxolaner,notoedres cati,mange
                cat, efficacy, eprinomectin, esafoxolaner, notoedres cati, mange

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