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Concurrent validation of the Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) and single-item indices against the Clinical Institute Narcotic Assessment (CINA) opioid withdrawal instrument
D. Andrew Tompkins ,
George E. Bigelow ,
Joseph A. Harrison ,
Rolley E. Johnson ,
Paul J. Fudala ,
Eric C. Strain
November 2009
November 2009
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Abstract
The Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) is an 11-item clinician-administered scale
assessing opioid withdrawal. Though commonly used in clinical practice, it has not
been systematically validated. The present study validated the COWS in comparison
to the validated Clinical Institute Narcotic Assessment (CINA) scale.