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      Diferencias en la calidad de vida de pacientes con disfagia orofaríngea según el lugar de residencia: impacto en la selección de alimentos y el tipo de dieta Translated title: Differences in the quality of life of patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia according to the place of residence: impact on food selection and type of diet

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: la disfagia es un síntoma invalidante, incómodo, con repercusiones en aspectos básicos del bienestar. El test SWAL-QoL esta validado para comprobar el impacto de la disfagia en la calidad de vida (QoL). Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal (enero 2018). Pacientes con tratamiento de espesante aleatorizados a partir de la base de datos interna de la Unidad de Nutrición y Dietética. Entrevistas telefónicas al paciente o cuidador. Test SWAL-QoL, 11 secciones: carga de enfermedad, síntomas, selección de alimentos, apetito, duración comidas, miedos, comunicación, salud mental, sueño/descanso, fatiga y afectación social. Puntuación ajustada con escala Likert (-). Resultados finales transferidos linealmente de 0 a 100 (mejor puntuación positiva). Interpretación: 0-49, impacto severo (IS); 50-70, impacto moderado (IM); y 71-100, impacto discreto o sin impacto (ID/NI). Variables: sexo, edad, días de tratamiento, vivienda en domicilio (D)/residencia(R); indicación de espesante comercial (EC) con MECV-V: néctar (N), miel (M), pudín (P); días con EC, tipo de dieta: puré (DP), blanda (SD), mixta (DM), normal (DN); secciones SWAL-QoL. Resultados: en total, 202 pacientes de 85 años (23-103); IQR: 12. Mayoría de mujeres, 57,9 %; 43,1 % D/56,9 % R. SWAL-QoL: 19,3 % IS, 59,9 % IM y 20,8 % ID/NI. Usar menos espesante demostró mejor QoL, IS en pudín: 21,1 % vs. Néctar: 15,3 %, p = 0,04. Las dietas realizadas fueron: 66,3 % DP; 3 % DB; DM 21,3 %, y DN 9,4 %. En R, más DP (86,1 %) que en D (40,2 %), p < 0,001. DP asociada a peor QoL: % de ID o no impacto en DP, 15,7 % vs. 30,8 % en el resto de dietas, p = 0,016. Analizando cada sección por D/R, diferencia significativa entre miedos, mayor en D (57,01 ± 36,41) vs. R (48,70 ± 27,03), p < 0,001; peor salud mental en R: 66,44 ± 34,30 vs. D: 47,48 ± 24,06, p < 0,001; mejor selección de alimentos en D (75,86 ± 34,12) vs. R (68,17 ± 33,60), p < 0,01. Conclusiones: definir la percepción de la QoL contribuye a una mejor comprensión de las necesidades del paciente. Es necesaria más información para afrontar sus miedos, para adecuar mejor la viscosidad de los líquidos y la textura de la dieta. Se recomienda aumentar la diversidad alimentaria en las residencias.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Background: dysphagia is a disabling, uncomfortable symptom with repercussions on daily basic aspects of well-being. The SWAL-QoL test is validated for checking dysphagia's impact on quality of life (QoL). Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study. Randomized patients from our in-house Nutrition & Dietetics database. Telephone interviews directly with patients or caregivers. SWAL-QoL test, 11 sections: swallowing, eating, symptoms, food selection, communication, fears, mental health, fatigue, and social function. A 1-5 Likert scale was adjusted and final results were linearly transferred to 0-100 (100 being best positive score). Results as follows: 0-49 severe impact (SI), 50-70 moderate impact (MI), and 71-100 mild impact or no impact (DI/NI). Variables: gender, age, days with treatment, residence: Home (H)/nursing home (NH), indication of commercial thickener (CT) by V/V test: nectar (N), honey (H), pudding (P), days with CT, type of diets; pureed (PD), soft diet (SD), mixed(P&S/D), regular (RD), SWAL-QoL sections. Results: a total of 202 patients with a mean age of 85 years (23-103); IQR: 12. Mostly women, 57.9 %. Dwelling: 43.1 % H/56.9 % NH. SWAL-QoL: SI affects 19.3 %, 59.9 % MI and 20.8 % DI/NI. Using less thickener proved a better QoL; SI in pudding 21.1 % vs nectar 15.3 %, p = 0.04. Diets included 66.3 % PD; 3 % SD; MD, 21.3 %, and RD, 9.4 %. At NH 86.1 % of PD vs 40.2 % at H, p < 0.001. Direct impact of diet on QoL: 30.8 % on DI or no impact of grouped diets vs 15.7 % with PD, p = 0.016. Analysing each section by H/NH, significant difference between fears, higher at H, 57.01 ± 36.41 vs NH, 48.70 ± 27.03, p < 0.001; worse mental health for NH, 66.44 ± 34.30 vs H, 47.48 ± 24.06, p < 0.001; better food selection for H, 75.86 ± 34.12 vs NH, 68.17 ± 33.60, p < 0.01. Conclusions: defining QoL contributes to a better understanding of patient needs. More information to confront their fears is helpful to adjust the texture of liquids properly. Increasing adaptations of diets and diversity in food selection are needed especially in those living in NH.

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          Most cited references37

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          American Cancer Society Head and Neck Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline.

          Answer questions and earn CME/CNE The American Cancer Society Head and Neck Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline was developed to assist primary care clinicians and other health practitioners with the care of head and neck cancer survivors, including monitoring for recurrence, screening for second primary cancers, assessment and management of long-term and late effects, health promotion, and care coordination. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PubMed through April 2015, and a multidisciplinary expert workgroup with expertise in primary care, dentistry, surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, clinical psychology, speech-language pathology, physical medicine and rehabilitation, the patient perspective, and nursing was assembled. While the guideline is based on a systematic review of the current literature, most evidence is not sufficient to warrant a strong recommendation. Therefore, recommendations should be viewed as consensus-based management strategies for assisting patients with physical and psychosocial effects of head and neck cancer and its treatment. CA Cancer J Clin 2016;66:203-239. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
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            The development and validation of a dysphagia-specific quality-of-life questionnaire for patients with head and neck cancer: the M. D. Anderson dysphagia inventory.

            To design a reliable and validated self-administered questionnaire whose purpose is to assess dysphagia's effects on the quality of life (QOL) of patients with head and neck cancer. Cross-sectional survey study. Focus groups were convened for questionnaire development and design. The M. D. Anderson Dysphagia Inventory (MDADI) included global, emotional, functional, and physical subscales. One hundred consecutive adult patients with a neoplasm of the upper aerodigestive tract who underwent evaluation by our Speech Pathology team completed the MDADI and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Speech pathologists completed the Performance Status Scale for each patient. Validity and reliability properties were calculated. Analysis of variance was used to assess how well the MDADI discriminated between groups of patients. The internal consistency reliability of the MDADI was calculated using the Cronbach alpha coefficient. The Cronbach alpha coefficients of the MDADI subscales ranged from 0.85 to 0.93. Test-retest reliability coefficients of the subscales ranged from 0.69 to 0.88. Spearman correlation coefficients between the MDADI subscales and the SF-36 subscales demonstrated construct validity. Patients with primary tumors of the oral cavity and oropharynx had significantly greater swallowing disability with an adverse impact on their QOL compared with patients with primary tumors of the larynx and hypopharynx (P<.001). Patients with a malignant lesion also had significantly greater disability than patients with a benign lesion (P<.001). The MDADI is the first validated and reliable self-administered questionnaire designed specifically for evaluating the impact of dysphagia on the QOL of patients with head and neck cancer. Standardized questionnaires that measure patients' QOL offer a means for demonstrating treatment impact and improving medical care. The development and validation of the MDADI and its use in prospective clinical trials allow for better understanding of the impact of treatment of head and neck cancer on swallowing and of swallowing difficulty on patients' QOL.
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              Social and psychological burden of dysphagia: its impact on diagnosis and treatment.

              The social and psychological impact of dysphagia has not been routinely reported in large studies. We sought to determine the effects of dysphagia on broad measures of the quality of life of patients and to explore the relationship between the psychological handicaps of the condition and the frequency of diagnosis and treatment. A total of 360 patients selected on the basis of known subjective dysphagia complaints, regardless of origin, in nursing homes and clinics in Germany, France, Spain, and the United Kingdom were interviewed using an established questionnaire. Qualitative interviews with a total of 28 health professionals were conducted to improve understanding of the patient data in the context of each country. Over 50% of patients claimed that they were "eating less" with 44% reporting weight loss during the preceding 12 months. Thirty-six percent of patients acknowledged receiving a confirmed diagnosis of dysphagia; only 32% acknowledged receiving professional treatment for it. Most people with dysphagia believe their condition to be untreatable; only 39% of the sufferers believed that their swallowing difficulties could be treated. Eighty-four percent of patients felt that eating should be an enjoyable experience but only 45% actually found it so. Moreover, 41% of patients stated that they experienced anxiety or panic during mealtimes. Over one-third (36%) of patients reported that they avoided eating with others because of their dysphagia. In a largely elderly population that might accept dysphagia as an untreatable part of the aging process, clinicians need to be aware of the adverse effects of dysphagia on self-esteem, socialization, and enjoyment of life. Careful questioning should assess the impact of the condition on each patient's life, and patients should be educated on their choices for treatment in the context of any coexisting illness. Awareness of the condition, diagnostic procedures, and treatment options must be increased in society and among the medical profession.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                February 2022
                : 39
                : 1
                : 46-52
                Affiliations
                [1] Sant Joan Despí, Barcelona orgnameHospital Moisès Broggi orgdiv1Unitat de Nutrició i Dietètica España
                [2] Barcelona orgnameHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau orgdiv1Unitat de Rehabilitació España
                Article
                S0212-16112022000100009 S0212-1611(22)03900100009
                10.20960/nh.03824
                5a65ee4e-8d38-4c9c-bfef-68d4548d5f8d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 09 August 2021
                : 18 November 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 37, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Trabajos Originales

                Disfagia,Texturized diet,Dysphagia,Calidad de vida,Viscosidad de líquidos,Dieta texturizada,Quality of life,Liquid viscosity

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