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      Associations among single nucleotide ploymorphisms in two addictive genes, food addiction, and antioxidant markers in recreationally active young women Translated title: Asociaciones entre polimorfismo de nucleótido único en dos genes adictivos, adicción a la comida y marcadores antioxidantes en mujeres jóvenes recreativamente activas

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          Abstract

          Abstract Introduction: food addiction is associated with genetic polymorphisms and decreased antioxidant intake. Objectives: this study determined the associations among food addiction, dopamine receptor 2 (DRD2) and toll-interleukin 1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor protein (TIRAP rs625413) gene polymorphisms, antioxidant capacities, and zinc levels among recreationally active Turkish women. Methods: the Yale Food Addiction Scale was used to evaluate the food addiction status. Serum antioxidant capacities and zinc levels were evaluated by blood analyses. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction was performed using peripheral blood leukocytes, and the polymorphism status of the DRD2 Taq 1A and TIRAP genes was investigated using a commercial kit. Results: the frequencies of the heterozygous genotypes of DRD2 Taq 1A and TIRAP were 23.1 % and 31.4 %, respectively, and the frequency of risk allele homozygous genotypes was 3.2 %. Most participants (94.4 %) had a nonpolymorphic/wild (CC) genotype in both genes; however, 11.5 % of the participants had a food addiction. The differences between serum antioxidant capacities, zinc levels, and body mass indices of those with and without food addiction were statistically significant. However, there were no differences in the serum zinc and antioxidant levels among the different genotypes. Conclusion: food addiction in young Turkish women was not associated with DRD2 Taq 1A or TIRAP polymorphisms but was associated with serum antioxidant capacities and zinc levels. Further studies on different loci of the same genes or genotypes of different genes with larger sample sizes are warranted.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Introducción: la adicción a la comida está asociada con polimorfismos genéticos y disminución de la ingesta de antioxidantes. Objetivos: este estudio determinó las asociaciones entre la adicción a la comida, los polimorfismos del gen de la proteína adaptadora que contiene el dominio del receptor de dopamina 2 (DRD2) y del receptor de interleucina 1 (TIR) (TIRAP rs625413), las capacidades antioxidantes y los niveles de zinc entre mujeres turcas recreativamente activas. Métodos: se utilizó la escala de adicción a la comida de Yale para evaluar el estado de adicción a la comida. Las capacidades antioxidantes séricas y los niveles de zinc se evaluaron mediante análisis de sangre. La extracción de ácido desoxirribonucleico (ADN) se realizó a partir de leucocitos de sangre periférica y el estado de polimorfismo de los genes DRD2 Taq 1A y TIRAP se investigó con un kit comercial. Resultados: las frecuencias de los genotipos heterocigotos de DRD2 Taq 1A y TIRAP fueron 23,1 % y 31,4 %, respectivamente, y la frecuencia de genotipos homocigotos de alelos de riesgo fue de 3,2 %. La mayoría de las participantes (94,4 %) tenían un genotipo no polimórfico/salvaje (CC) en ambos genes; sin embargo, el 11,5 % de las participantes tenía adicción a la comida. Las diferencias entre las capacidades antioxidantes séricas, los niveles de zinc y los índices de masa corporal de aquellas con y sin adicción a la comida fueron estadísticamente significativas. Sin embargo, no hubo diferencias en los niveles séricos de zinc y antioxidantes entre los diferentes genotipos. Conclusión: la adicción a la comida en mujeres jóvenes turcas no se asoció con los polimorfismos DRD2 Taq 1A o TIRAP, pero se asoció con las capacidades séricas antioxidantes y los niveles de zinc. Se justifican más estudios sobre diferentes loci de los mismos genes o genotipos de diferentes genes con tamaños de muestra más grandes.

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          Preliminary validation of the Yale Food Addiction Scale.

          Previous research has found similarities between addiction to psychoactive substances and excessive food consumption. Further exploration is needed to evaluate the concept of "food addiction," as there is currently a lack of psychometrically validated measurement tools in this area. The current study represents a preliminary exploration of the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), designed to identify those exhibiting signs of addiction towards certain types of foods (e.g., high fat and high sugar). Survey data were collected from 353 respondents from a stratified random sample of young adults. In addition to the YFAS, the survey assessed eating pathology, alcohol consumption and other health behaviors. The YFAS exhibited adequate internal reliability, and showed good convergent validity with measures of similar constructs and good discriminant validity relative to related but dissimilar constructs. Additionally, the YFAS predicted binge-eating behavior above and beyond existing measures of eating pathology, demonstrating incremental validity. The YFAS is a sound tool for identifying eating patterns that are similar to behaviors seen in classic areas of addiction. Further evaluation of the scale is needed, especially due to a low response rate of 24.5% and a non-clinical sample, but confirmation of the reliability and validity of the scale has the potential to facilitate empirical research on the concept of "food addiction".
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            Brain dopamine and obesity

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              Total antioxidant capacity as a tool to assess redox status: critical view and experimental data

              The measure of antioxidant capacity (AC) considers the cumulative action of all the antioxidants present in plasma and body fluids, thus providing an integrated parameter rather than the simple sum of measurable antioxidants. The capacity of known and unknown antioxidants and their synergistic interaction is therefore assessed, thus giving an insight into the delicate balance in vivo between oxidants and antioxidants. Measuring plasma AC may help in the evaluation of physiological, environmental, and nutritional factors of the redox status in humans. Determining plasma AC may help to identify conditions affecting oxidative status in vivo (e.g., exposure to reactive oxygen species and antioxidant supplementation). Moreover, changes in the plasma AC after supplementation with galenic antioxidants or with antioxidant-rich foods may provide information on the absorption and bioavailability of nutritional compounds. Consequently, this review discusses the rationale, interpretation, confounding factors, measurement limits, and human applications of the measure of plasma AC.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                nh
                Nutrición Hospitalaria
                Nutr. Hosp.
                Grupo Arán (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                0212-1611
                1699-5198
                April 2023
                : 40
                : 2
                : 332-339
                Affiliations
                [1] Ankara orgnameSağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi (University of Health Sciences) orgdiv1Gülhane Faculty of Health Sciences orgdiv2Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Turkey
                [3] Ankara orgnameGazi Üniversitesi orgdiv1Faculty of Health Sciences orgdiv2Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Turkey
                [2] Ankara orgnameYüksek İhtisas Üniversitesi orgdiv1Faculty of Health Sciences orgdiv2Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Turkey
                Article
                S0212-16112023000300014 S0212-1611(23)04000200014
                10.20960/nh.04487
                5a8833d7-0e50-4c4c-a557-70c6b1ae9586

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 10 October 2022
                : 27 January 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 40, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Original Papers

                Food addiction,Women,Gene polymorphism,Allele,Genotypes,Adicción a la comida,Mujer,Polimorfismo genético,Alelo,Genotipos

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