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      Lactoferrin Adsorbed onto Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals Controlling - In Vivo - the Helicobacter pylori Infection

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          Abstract

          Background

          The resistance of Helicobacter pylori to the antibiotic therapy poses the problem to discover new therapeutic approaches. Recently it has been stated that antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant properties of lactoferrin are increased when this protein is surface-linked to biomimetic hydroxyapatite nanocrystals.

          Objective

          Based on these knowledge, the aim of the study was to investigate the efficacy of lactoferrin delivered by biomimetic hydroxyapatite nanoparticles with cell free supernatant from probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei as an alternative therapy against Helicobacter pylori infection.

          Methods

          Antibacterial and antinflammatory properties, humoral antibody induction, histopathological analysis and absence of side effects were evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo studies.

          Results

          The tests carried out have been demonstrated better performance of lactoferrin delivered by biomimetic hydroxyapatite nanoparticles combined with cell free supernatant from probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei compared to both lactoferrin and probiotic alone or pooled.

          Conclusion

          These findings indicate the effectiveness and safety of our proposed therapy as alternative treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection.

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          Most cited references25

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          Bacteriocins: developing innate immunity for food.

          Bacteriocins are bacterially produced antimicrobial peptides with narrow or broad host ranges. Many bacteriocins are produced by food-grade lactic acid bacteria, a phenomenon which offers food scientists the possibility of directing or preventing the development of specific bacterial species in food. This can be particularly useful in preservation or food safety applications, but also has implications for the development of desirable flora in fermented food. In this sense, bacteriocins can be used to confer a rudimentary form of innate immunity to foodstuffs, helping processors extend their control over the food flora long after manufacture.
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            Life in the human stomach: persistence strategies of the bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori.

            The bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori has co-evolved with humans and colonizes approximately 50% of the human population, but only causes overt gastric disease in a subset of infected hosts. In this Review, we discuss the pathogenesis of H. pylori and the mechanisms it uses to promote persistent colonization of the gastric mucosa, with a focus on recent insights into the role of the virulence factors vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA), cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) and CagL. We also describe the immunobiology of H. pylori infection and highlight how this bacterium manipulates the innate and adaptive immune systems of the host to promote its own persistence.
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              Gastric cancer: epidemiology and risk factors.

              Gastric cancer is one of the major malignancies in the world. This article summarizes the current understanding of the worldwide burden of this disease, its geographic variation, and temporal trends. An overview is presented of known risk factors, including genetic, dietary, and behavioral, but focuses on Helicobacter pylori infection as the most important factor in noncardia gastric cancer. When the data and the literature allow, we distinguish between cardia and noncardia sub-sites, as it is now clear that these two anatomic locations present distinct and sometimes opposite epidemiological characteristics. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                6 July 2016
                2016
                : 11
                : 7
                : e0158646
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Agriculture, University of Naples “Federico II”, Portici (Naples), Italy
                [2 ]Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
                [3 ]Department of Food Inspection, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Mezzogiorno, Portici (Naples), Italy
                [4 ]Department of Chemistry “G. Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, LEBSC, Bologna, Italy
                [5 ]Advanced Biomedical Science Department, University of Naples “Federico II", Naples, Italy
                [6 ]Department of Experimental Medicine, Division of Clinical Bacteriology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
                University of Helsinki, FINLAND
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Conceived and designed the experiments: RC. Performed the experiments: AF NN MI SR ML A. Calogero APP. Analyzed the data: AF NN MI SR FC NR ML RC A. Crasto. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: NR ML FC RC. Wrote the paper: RC.

                Article
                PONE-D-16-04477
                10.1371/journal.pone.0158646
                4934871
                27384186
                5a91a2ff-7c07-4048-be54-5a07e0899e01
                © 2016 Fulgione et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 1 February 2016
                : 20 June 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 8, Tables: 0, Pages: 16
                Funding
                Funded by RBAP114AMK, RINAME Project (funds for selected research topics), the Interuniversity Consortium for Research on Chemistry of Metals in Biological Systems, Qualifu project, Chemical Center Srl and P.O.R. Campania F.S.E. 2007/2013 (Percorsi universitari finalizzati alla incentivazione della ricerca scientifica, dell'innovazione e del trasferimento tecnologico - Tipologia progettuale: “Dottorati in Azienda” CUP E65E12000150006) for financial support. Dr. Marco Iannaccone was supported by research funding from “Fondazione con il Sud” (Project no.2011-PDR-18, “Biosensori piezoelettrici a risposta in tempo reale per applicazioni ambientali e agro-alimentari”).
                Categories
                Research Article
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Infectious Diseases
                Bacterial Diseases
                Helicobacter Pylori Infection
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Microbiology
                Medical Microbiology
                Microbial Pathogens
                Bacterial Pathogens
                Helicobacter Pylori
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
                Pathogens
                Microbial Pathogens
                Bacterial Pathogens
                Helicobacter Pylori
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Bacteria
                Helicobacter
                Helicobacter Pylori
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Biotechnology
                Bioengineering
                Biomimetics
                Engineering and Technology
                Bioengineering
                Biomimetics
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Organisms
                Bacteria
                Gut Bacteria
                Lactobacillus
                Engineering and Technology
                Nanotechnology
                Nanoparticles
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Pharmacology
                Drugs
                Antimicrobials
                Antibiotics
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Microbiology
                Microbial Control
                Antimicrobials
                Antibiotics
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Immunology
                Vaccination and Immunization
                Antibacterial Therapy
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Immunology
                Vaccination and Immunization
                Antibacterial Therapy
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Public and Occupational Health
                Preventive Medicine
                Vaccination and Immunization
                Antibacterial Therapy
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Anatomy
                Digestive System
                Gastrointestinal Tract
                Stomach
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Anatomy
                Digestive System
                Gastrointestinal Tract
                Stomach
                Custom metadata
                All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.

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                Uncategorized

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