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      Descriptions of two new stick insect species of Cnipsomorpha Hennemann, Conle, Zhang & Liu (Phasmatodea) from China based on integrative taxonomy

      research-article
      1 , 2 , 1 ,
      ZooKeys
      Pensoft Publishers
      28S, Biodiversity, COI, morphology, taxonomy, stick insects

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          Abstract

          Accurate taxonomical identification is an extremely important basis for stick insect research, including evolutionary biology but also applied biology such as pest control. In addition, genetic methods are a valuable identification auxiliary technology at present. Therefore, this paper used morphological and molecular data to investigate five stick insect specimens from the genus Cnipsomorpha in Yunnan, successfully identifying two new species: Cnipsomorpha yunnanensis Xu, Jiang & Yang, sp. nov. and C. yuxiensis Xu, Jiang & Yang, sp. nov. A phylogenetic tree was constructed through their 28S and COI genes in order to infer the phylogenetic position of the two new species. Photographs of the new species and a key to all known Cnipsomorpha species are provided.

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          Most cited references39

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          MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets.

          We present the latest version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (Mega) software, which contains many sophisticated methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine. In this major upgrade, Mega has been optimized for use on 64-bit computing systems for analyzing larger datasets. Researchers can now explore and analyze tens of thousands of sequences in Mega The new version also provides an advanced wizard for building timetrees and includes a new functionality to automatically predict gene duplication events in gene family trees. The 64-bit Mega is made available in two interfaces: graphical and command line. The graphical user interface (GUI) is a native Microsoft Windows application that can also be used on Mac OS X. The command line Mega is available as native applications for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. They are intended for use in high-throughput and scripted analysis. Both versions are available from www.megasoftware.net free of charge.
            • Record: found
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            • Article: not found

            jModelTest 2: more models, new heuristics and parallel computing.

              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Improvement of phylogenies after removing divergent and ambiguously aligned blocks from protein sequence alignments.

              Alignment quality may have as much impact on phylogenetic reconstruction as the phylogenetic methods used. Not only the alignment algorithm, but also the method used to deal with the most problematic alignment regions, may have a critical effect on the final tree. Although some authors remove such problematic regions, either manually or using automatic methods, in order to improve phylogenetic performance, others prefer to keep such regions to avoid losing any information. Our aim in the present work was to examine whether phylogenetic reconstruction improves after alignment cleaning or not. Using simulated protein alignments with gaps, we tested the relative performance in diverse phylogenetic analyses of the whole alignments versus the alignments with problematic regions removed with our previously developed Gblocks program. We also tested the performance of more or less stringent conditions in the selection of blocks. Alignments constructed with different alignment methods (ClustalW, Mafft, and Probcons) were used to estimate phylogenetic trees by maximum likelihood, neighbor joining, and parsimony. We show that, in most alignment conditions, and for alignments that are not too short, removal of blocks leads to better trees. That is, despite losing some information, there is an increase in the actual phylogenetic signal. Overall, the best trees are obtained by maximum-likelihood reconstruction of alignments cleaned by Gblocks. In general, a relaxed selection of blocks is better for short alignment, whereas a stringent selection is more adequate for longer ones. Finally, we show that cleaned alignments produce better topologies although, paradoxically, with lower bootstrap. This indicates that divergent and problematic alignment regions may lead, when present, to apparently better supported although, in fact, more biased topologies.

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Zookeys
                Zookeys
                2
                urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:45048D35-BB1D-5CE8-9668-537E44BD4C7E
                urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91BD42D4-90F1-4B45-9350-EEF175B1727A
                ZooKeys
                Pensoft Publishers
                1313-2989
                1313-2970
                2023
                22 August 2023
                : 1176
                : 37-53
                Affiliations
                [1 ] College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China Guizhou University Guiyang China
                [2 ] Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China Guizhou Light Industry Technical College Guiyang China
                [3 ] Research Center for Biodiversity and Natural Conservation, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China Guizhou University Guiyang China
                [4 ] Department of Light Industry & Chemical Engineering, Guizhou Light Industry Technical College, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China Guizhou Light Industry Technical College Guiyang China
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Maofa Yang ( gdgdly@ 123456126.com)

                Academic editor: Sven Bradler

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4575-9155
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9083-2887
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5523-6825
                Article
                75490
                10.3897/zookeys.1176.75490
                10466208
                37654980
                5aa839cb-7524-4df9-be59-93f0d2ecf950
                Fangling Xu, Yingjie Jiang, Maofa Yang

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 19 September 2021
                : 16 July 2023
                Funding
                Guizhou Bureau of Forestry (Project: Qian Lin Ke He [2014]13), China.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Animalia
                Insecta
                Phasmatidae
                Phasmida
                Systematics
                Taxonomy
                Cenozoic
                China

                Animal science & Zoology
                28s,biodiversity,coi,morphology,taxonomy,stick insects
                Animal science & Zoology
                28s, biodiversity, coi, morphology, taxonomy, stick insects

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