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      1.5 versus 3 versus 7 Tesla in abdominal MRI: A comparative study

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          Abstract

          Objectives

          The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the feasibility as well as potential impact of altered magnetic field properties on image quality and potential artifacts of 1.5 Tesla, 3 Tesla and 7 Tesla non-enhanced abdominal MRI.

          Materials and methods

          Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging of the upper abdomen was performed in 10 healthy volunteers on a 1.5 Tesla, a 3 Tesla and a 7 Tesla MR system. The study protocol comprised a (1) T1-weighted fat-saturated spoiled gradient-echo sequence (2D FLASH), (2) T1-weighted fat-saturated volumetric interpolated breath hold examination sequence (3D VIBE), (3) T1-weighted 2D in and opposed phase sequence, (4) True fast imaging with steady-state precession sequence (TrueFISP) and (5) T2-weighted turbo spin-echo (TSE) sequence. For comparison reasons field of view and acquisition times were kept comparable for each correlating sequence at all three field strengths, while trying to achieve the highest possible spatial resolution. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were tested for significant differences.

          Results

          While 1.5 and 3 Tesla MRI revealed comparable results in all assessed features and sequences, 7 Tesla MRI yielded considerable differences in T1 and T2 weighted imaging. Benefits of 7 Tesla MRI encompassed an increased higher spatial resolution and a non-enhanced hyperintense vessel signal at 7 Tesla, potentially offering a more accurate diagnosis of abdominal parenchymatous and vasculature disease. 7 Tesla MRI was also shown to be more impaired by artifacts, including residual B 1 inhomogeneities, susceptibility and chemical shift artifacts, resulting in reduced overall image quality and overall image impairment ratings. While 1.5 and 3 Tesla T2w imaging showed equivalently high image quality, 7 Tesla revealed strong impairments in its diagnostic value.

          Conclusions

          Our results demonstrate the feasibility and overall comparable imaging ability of T1-weighted 7 Tesla abdominal MRI towards 3 Tesla and 1.5 Tesla MRI, yielding a promising diagnostic potential for non-enhanced Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA). 1.5 Tesla and 3 Tesla offer comparably high-quality T2w imaging, showing superior diagnostic quality over 7 Tesla MRI.

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          Most cited references39

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          Comprehensive quantification of signal-to-noise ratio and g-factor for image-based and k-space-based parallel imaging reconstructions.

          B. C. McKENZIE, R. Lattanzi, Philip M Robson … (2008)
          Parallel imaging reconstructions result in spatially varying noise amplification characterized by the g-factor, precluding conventional measurements of noise from the final image. A simple Monte Carlo based method is proposed for all linear image reconstruction algorithms, which allows measurement of signal-to-noise ratio and g-factor and is demonstrated for SENSE and GRAPPA reconstructions for accelerated acquisitions that have not previously been amenable to such assessment. Only a simple "prescan" measurement of noise amplitude and correlation in the phased-array receiver, and a single accelerated image acquisition are required, allowing robust assessment of signal-to-noise ratio and g-factor. The "pseudo multiple replica" method has been rigorously validated in phantoms and in vivo, showing excellent agreement with true multiple replica and analytical methods. This method is universally applicable to the parallel imaging reconstruction techniques used in clinical applications and will allow pixel-by-pixel image noise measurements for all parallel imaging strategies, allowing quantitative comparison between arbitrary k-space trajectories, image reconstruction, or noise conditioning techniques. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
          Article 0 comments Cited 96 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Whole-body imaging at 7T: preliminary results.

            J Vaughan, B Strupp, J Tian … (2008)
            The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of whole-body imaging at 7T. To achieve this objective, new technology and methods were developed. Radio frequency (RF) field distribution and specific absorption rate (SAR) were first explored through numerical modeling. A body coil was then designed and built. Multichannel transmit and receive coils were also developed and implemented. With this new technology in hand, an imaging survey of the "landscape" of the human body at 7T was conducted. Cardiac imaging at 7T appeared to be possible. The potential for breast imaging and spectroscopy was demonstrated. Preliminary results of the first human body imaging at 7T suggest both promise and directions for further development.
            Article 0 comments Cited 48 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              MRI at 7 Tesla and above: demonstrated and potential capabilities.

              M. Nagel, Anja Fischer, Oliver Kraff … (2014)
              With more than 40 installed MR systems worldwide operating at 7 Tesla or higher, ultra-high-field (UHF) imaging has been established as a platform for clinically oriented research in recent years. Along with technical developments that, in part, have also been successfully transferred to lower field strengths, MR imaging and spectroscopy at UHF have demonstrated capabilities and potentials for clinical diagnostics in a variety of studies. In terms of applications, this overview article focuses on already achieved advantages for in vivo imaging, i.e., in imaging the brain and joints of the musculoskeletal system, but also considers developments in body imaging, which is particularly challenging. Furthermore, new applications for clinical diagnostics such as X-nuclei imaging and spectroscopy, which only really become feasible at ultra-high magnetic fields, will be presented. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
              Article 0 comments Cited 43 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Anja Laader:
                ORCID: http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0733-775X
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SoftwareRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Karsten Beiderwellen: Role: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: Validation
                Oliver Kraff: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: Validation
                Stefan Maderwald: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: Validation
                Karsten Wrede: Role: Formal analysisRole: Methodology
                Mark E. Ladd: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: Supervision
                Thomas C. Lauenstein: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Project administrationRole: Resources
                Michael Forsting: Role: Project administrationRole: ResourcesRole: Supervision
                Harald H. Quick: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Project administrationRole: Resources
                Kai Nassenstein: Role: MethodologyRole: Resources
                Lale Umutlu: Role: ConceptualizationRole: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: Project administrationRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Jeroen Hendrikse: Role: Editor
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): PLoS One
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): PLoS ONE
                Journal ID (publisher-id): plos
                Journal ID (pmc): plosone
                Title: PLoS ONE
                Publisher: Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                ISSN (Electronic): 1932-6203
                Publication date (Electronic): 10 November 2017
                Publication date Collection: 2017
                Volume: 12
                Issue: 11
                Electronic Location Identifier: e0187528
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany
                [2 ] Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Kokereiallee 7, Essen, Germany
                [3 ] Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany
                [4 ] German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, Heidelberg, Germany
                [5 ] Institute of Radiology, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Düsseldorf, Kirchfeldstr. 40, Düsseldorf, Germany
                [6 ] High Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany
                Universitair Medisch Centrum Utrecht, NETHERLANDS
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0733-775X
                Article
                Publisher ID: PONE-D-17-16736
                DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187528
                PMC ID: 5695282
                PubMed ID: 29125850
                SO-VID: 5abebc17-faef-4297-a3e9-7e153f29bf3e
                Copyright © © 2017 Laader et al
                License:

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                Date received : 1 May 2017
                Date accepted : 21 October 2017
                Page count
                Figures: 7, Tables: 4, Pages: 18
                Funding
                The authors received no specific funding for this work.
                Categories
                Subject: Research Article
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Diagnostic Medicine
                Subject: Diagnostic Radiology
                Subject: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
                Subject: Research and Analysis Methods
                Subject: Imaging Techniques
                Subject: Diagnostic Radiology
                Subject: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Radiology and Imaging
                Subject: Diagnostic Radiology
                Subject: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
                Subject: Engineering and Technology
                Subject: Signal Processing
                Subject: Image Processing
                Subject: Physical Sciences
                Subject: Physics
                Subject: Condensed Matter Physics
                Subject: Magnetism
                Subject: Magnetic Fields
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Anatomy
                Subject: Renal System
                Subject: Kidneys
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Anatomy
                Subject: Renal System
                Subject: Kidneys
                Subject: Biology and Life Sciences
                Subject: Physiology
                Subject: Immune Physiology
                Subject: Spleen
                Subject: Medicine and Health Sciences
                Subject: Physiology
                Subject: Immune Physiology
                Subject: Spleen
                Subject: Research and Analysis Methods
                Subject: Database and Informatics Methods
                Subject: Bioinformatics
                Subject: Sequence Analysis
                Subject: Research and Analysis Methods
                Subject: Bioassays and Physiological Analysis
                Subject: Muscle Analysis
                Subject: Research and Analysis Methods
                Subject: Imaging Techniques
                Subject: Image Analysis
                Custom metadata
                Data Availability All relevant data are included within the paper. Due to strict regulations for data and privacy protection, access to the study's complete anonymized data sets are strictly restricted to the authors of this manuscript (as regulated by the Ethics Commission of the Medical Faculty of the University DuisburgEssen). Requests for access to the anonymous data sets can be sent to Anja Laader ( anja.laader@ 123456uk-essen.de ).

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Uncategorized
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