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      Success in the city: the road to implementation of Tobacco 21 and Sensible Tobacco Enforcement in New York City

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          Abstract

          New York City, a leader in municipal tobacco control in the USA, furthered its goal of reducing the community's burden of tobacco use in 2014 by implementing Sensible Tobacco Enforcement and Tobacco 21. These policies are intended to restrict youth access and eliminate sources of cheap tobacco. Strong partnerships, substantial local data and support from the public and elected officials were key in overcoming many challenges and ensuring these policies were signed into law.

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          The effect of tobacco outlet density and proximity on smoking cessation.

          Yumei Cao, Richard Dela Mater, Lorraine Reitzel … (2011)
          We examined the influence of tobacco outlet density and residential proximity to tobacco outlets on continuous smoking abstinence 6 months after a quit attempt. We used continuation ratio logit models to examine the relationships of tobacco outlet density and tobacco outlet proximity with biochemically verified continuous abstinence across weeks 1, 2, 4, and 26 after quitting among 414 adult smokers from Houston, Texas (33% non-Latino White, 34% non-Latino Black, and 33% Latino). Analyses controlled for age, race/ethnicity, partner status, education, gender, employment status, prequit smoking rate, and the number of years smoked. Residential proximity to tobacco outlets, but not tobacco outlet density, provided unique information in the prediction of long-term, continuous abstinence from smoking during a specific quit attempt. Participants residing less than 250 meters (P = .01) or less than 500 meters (P = .04) from the closest tobacco outlet were less likely to be abstinent than were those living 250 meters or farther or 500 meters or farther, respectively, from outlets. Because residential proximity to tobacco outlets influences smoking cessation, zoning restrictions to limit tobacco sales in residential areas may complement existing efforts to reduce tobacco use.
          Article 0 comments Cited 66 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Smoking behaviour among young adults: beyond youth prevention.

            Matthew D. Hammond (2005)
            There is a widespread assumption that smoking behaviour is largely established by the age of 18 years. As a result, smoking prevention has focused almost exclusively upon youth. However, recent trends suggest that young adulthood may be an important--and largely overlooked--period in the development of regular smoking behaviour. The current study sought to examine patterns of tobacco use among young adults (aged 18-29 years) and to address the implications for tobacco control policy. Data are presented from the 2003 Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey, a national survey of smoking behaviour (n = 10,559, response rate 89%). Measures of smoking behaviour, smoking initiation, susceptibility to smoking, and occupational status. A total of 1.4 million or 28% of young adults in Canada currently smoke, the highest proportion among all age groups. The prevalence of daily smoking rose from 8% among youth to 22% among young adults, and approximately one fifth of smokers tried their first cigarette after the age of 18 years. Smoking behaviour among young adults was also distinct from older smokers: young adults were more likely to be occasional smokers and reported lower daily consumption. Finally, smoking prevalence and cessation rates varied substantially within subgroups of young adults, as characterised by occupational setting. Dramatic increases in the proportion and intensity of smoking occurs after the age of 18 years. Smoking behaviour among young adults is distinct from both youth and older adults, and warrants immediate attention from the public health community.
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              Sources of tobacco for youths in communities with strong enforcement of youth access laws.

              Bianca Coleman, J DiFranza (2001)
              To determine how youths obtain tobacco in communities with strong enforcement of tobacco sales laws. Ten communities in Massachusetts with merchant compliance rates at or above 90%. Paper surveys and focus group discussions with 68 adolescent smokers. Parents and friends are the primary sources of tobacco for new smokers. When stealing from parents can no longer satisfy the need for cigarettes, young adolescents ask strangers to buy them tobacco. For high school age smokers, teenage store clerks are a major source. Teenage clerks sell to other teenagers, steal tobacco, and help their friends steal from their employers. Friends who are 18 years of age or over are a second major source for older adolescents. Parents often purchase tobacco for older adolescents. Recommended actions include raising the minimum age for the purchase of tobacco to 21 years, and prohibiting individuals less than 21 years of age from selling tobacco.
              Article 0 comments Cited 33 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Tob Control
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Tob Control
                Journal ID (hwp): tobaccocontrol
                Journal ID (publisher-id): tc
                Title: Tobacco Control
                Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group (BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR )
                ISSN (Print): 0964-4563
                ISSN (Electronic): 1468-3318
                Publication date (Print): October 2016
                Volume: 25
                Issue: Suppl 1 , Advancing the Science of State and Community Tobacco Control
                Pages: i6-i9
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Center for Public Health Systems Science, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis , St. Louis, Missouri, USA
                [2 ]NYC Department of Health & Mental Hygiene, Bureau of Chronic Disease Prevention and Tobacco Control , New York City, New York, USA
                Author notes
                [Correspondence to ] Dr Sarah Moreland-Russell, Brown School at Washington University in St. Louis, Campus Box 1196, 1 Brookings Drive, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA; Smoreland-russell@ 123456wustl.edu
                Article
                Publisher ID: tobaccocontrol-2016-053089
                DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053089
                PMC ID: 5099222
                PubMed ID: 27697942
                SO-VID: 5adb5710-c43d-4e75-bfc6-66a90bfb197b
                Copyright © Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/

                History
                Date received : 30 March 2016
                Date revision received : 19 April 2016
                Date accepted : 20 April 2016
                Funding
                Funded by: National Cancer Institute, http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000054;
                Award ID: U01 CA154281
                Categories
                Subject: 1506
                Subject: Advocacy in Action
                Custom metadata
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                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: public policy,tobacco industry,price,environment,advertising and promotion
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: public policy, tobacco industry, price, environment, advertising and promotion

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