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      Epidemiological characteristics and factors associated with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest attended by bystanders before ambulance arrival Translated title: Características epidemiológicas y factores asociados a la parada cardiorrespiratoria extrahospitalaria atendida por espectadores antes de la llegada del primer recurso asistencial

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          Abstract

          Background

          The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests based on whether patients received bystander resuscitation before ambulance arrival, and to describe the factors associated with resuscitation attempts by bystanders.

          Methods

          A retrospective observational study was performed. Clinical data from cardiac arrest patients in the Basque Country (Spain) were collected over a period of five years. Epidemiological characteristics compared resuscitation started by bystanders with resuscitation carried out by ambulance caregivers. The relation between no resuscitation started by bystander and different exposure factors was explored by multiple logistic regression analysis.

          Results

          We analyzed 3,278 cardiac arrests. Of them, 61.9 % were not attended by bystanders and this was associated with the absence of instructions from Emergency Centre (OR: 6.25, 95%CI: 5.15-7.58, p < 0.001), home location (OR: 2.94, 95%CI: 2.48-3.48, p < 0.001), unwitnessed cardiac arrest (OR: 1.56, 95%CI: 1.28-1.89, p < 0.001), victims of 65 years or older (OR: 1.48, 95%CI: 1.26-1.74, p < 0.001) and suburban locations (OR: 1.29, 95%CI: 1.04-1.62, p = 0.023).

          Conclusion

          There are differences in cardiac arrests depending on whether they have been resuscitated by bystanders. These characteristics may influence the bystander’s decision to initiate resuscitation maneuvers (or not) and evolution.

          Resumen

          Fundamento

          Comparar las características epidemiológicas de las paradas cardiacas extrahospitalarias en función de si fueron o no atendidas por espectadores antes de la llegada de la ambulancia y describir los factores asociados a la reanimación por testigos.

          Metodología

          Estudio observacional retrospectivo sobre los casos de parada cardiorrespiratoria extrahospitalaria ocurridos en el País Vasco durante cinco años. Se determinaron diferencias epidemiológicas de los casos en función de si la reanimación cardiopulmonar fue iniciada por espectadores. La relación entre la variable dependiente no se inicia reanimación por testigos y distintos factores de exposición se analizó con regresión logística multivariable.

          Resultados

          Se revisaron 3278 eventos; en el 61,9 % de los casos no se practicó reanimación por testigos o espectadores y se asoció a inexistencia de instrucciones telefónicas (OR: 6,25; IC95%: 5,15-7,58; p < 0,001), localización del evento en el domicilio (OR: 2,94; IC95%: 2,48-3,48; p < 0,001), evento no presenciado (OR: 1,56; IC95 %: 1,28-1,89; p < 0,001), víctima con edad superior a 64 años (OR: 1,48; IC95%: 1,26-1,74; p < 0,001) y ámbito urbano (OR: 1,29; IC95 %: 1,04-1,62; p = 0,023).

          Conclusiones

          Existen diferencias en las paradas cardiacas en función de si han sido o no reanimadas por espectadores y estas características podrían condicionar la decisión del rescatador al respecto de iniciar la reanimación y la evolución de la misma.

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          Most cited references25

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Early cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

          Three million people in Sweden are trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Whether this training increases the frequency of bystander CPR or the survival rate among persons who have out-of-hospital cardiac arrests has been questioned.
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Gender Disparities Among Adult Recipients of Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in the Public

            Background: Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR) improves survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), yet BCPR rates remain low. It is unknown whether BCPR delivery disparities exist based on victim gender. We measured BCPR rates by gender in private and public environments, hypothesizing that females would be less likely than males to receive BCPR in public settings, with an associated difference in survival to hospital discharge. Methods and Results: We analyzed data from adult, non-traumatic OHCA events within the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium registry (2011–2015). Using logistic regression, we modeled the likelihood of receiving BCPR by gender, including patient-level variables, stratified by location. A cohort of 19,331 OHCAs were assessed. Mean age was 64±17 years, and 63% (12,225/19,331) were male. Overall, 37% of OHCA victims received bystander CPR. In public locations, 39% (272/694) of females and 45% (1,170/2,600) of males received BCPR (p<0.01), whereas in private settings, 35% (2,198/6,328) of females and 36% (3,364/9,449) of males received BCPR (p=ns). Among public OHCAs, males had significantly increased odds of receiving BCPR compared to females (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.05–1.53, p=0.01); this was not the case in the private setting (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.87–1.01, p=ns). Controlling for site, age, and race, BCPR was significantly associated with survival to hospital discharge (OR:1.69, 95% CI: 1.54–1.85, p<0.01); in this model, males had 29% increased odds of survival compared to females (OR:1.29, 95% CI: 1.17–1.42, p<0.01). Conclusions: Males had an increased likelihood of receiving BCPR compared to females in public. BCPR improved survival to discharge, with greater survival among males compared to females.
              • Record: found
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              • Article: not found

              Association of neighborhood characteristics with bystander-initiated CPR.

              For persons who have an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, the probability of receiving bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be influenced by neighborhood characteristics.

                Author and article information

                Journal
                An Sist Sanit Navar
                An Sist Sanit Navar
                assn
                Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra
                Gobierno de Navarra. Departamento de Salud
                1137-6627
                2340-3527
                18 June 2021
                May-Aug 2021
                : 44
                : 2
                : 177-184
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalOsakidetza. Organización Sanitaria Integrada Bilbao-Basurto, Bilbao. España. orgnameOsakidetza orgdiv1Organización Sanitaria Integrada Bilbao-Basurto Bilbao, España
                [2 ] originalInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biocruces Biz-kaia. Barakaldo. Bizkaia. España. orgnameInstituto de Investigación Sanitaria Biocruces Biz-kaia Barakaldo, Bizkaia, España
                [3 ] originalFacultad de Medicina y Enfermería. Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea. Leioa. Bizkaia. España. normalizedUniversidad del País Vasco orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina y Enfermería orgnameUniversidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain
                [4 ] originalOsakidetza. Emergentziak. Vitoria-Gasteiz. España. orgnameOsakidetza orgdiv1Emergentziak Vitoria-Gasteiz, España
                Author notes
                [Corresponding author: ] Sendoa Ballesteros-Peña. Unidad de Docencia e Investigación en Enfermería, Hospital de Basurto Avda. Montevideo, 18, 48013 Bilbao (Bizkaia), Spain. E-mail: sendoa.ballesteros@ 123456ehu.eus .
                Article
                10.23938/ASSN.0944
                10019545
                34142987
                5af4940f-fb8f-4643-824c-3d45263b9625

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License

                History
                : 20 September 2020
                : 22 October 2020
                : 09 December 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 2, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 21, Pages: 08
                Categories
                Artículos Originales

                out-of-hospital cardiac arrest,cardiopulmonary resuscitation,emergency medical services,paro cardíaco extrahospitalario,resucitación cardiopulmonar,servicios médicos de urgencia

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