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      The Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Miners around the World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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          Abstract

          Background:

          Musculoskeletal disorders are responsible for significant problem for workers’ health. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among mining workers.

          Methods:

          This systematic review and meta-analysis study were designed in 2020 (from Jan to Mar). The researchers searched five international databases Medline/PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science. All analyzes were performed using STATA statistical software.

          Results:

          The search results were 447 articles and after screening stage finally 50 studies were included in review. The highest number of studies (26 studies) reported the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders of upper back and 4 studies reported the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders of the arms and ankles & feet. The results of meta-analysis based on prevalence in different organs showed that the highest prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders was in the upper back and the lowest in the knees with a prevalence of 50.39% (CI 95%: 31.23–54.73%) and 16.03% (CI 95%: 11.78–20.28%), respectively.

          Conclusion:

          The prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among miners is relatively high. Therefore, supervisors and mine managers should pay more attention to reducing musculoskeletal disorders and increasing the ergonomic level of mines in order to increase workers’ health.

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          Most cited references63

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          Work-related musculoskeletal disorders: the epidemiologic evidence and the debate.

          Laura Punnett, David Wegman (2004)
          The debate about work-relatedness of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) reflects both confusion about epidemiologic principles and gaps in the scientific literature. The physical ergonomic features of work frequently cited as risk factors for MSDs include rapid work pace and repetitive motion, forceful exertions, non-neutral body postures, and vibration. However, some still dispute the importance of these factors, especially relative to non-occupational causes. This paper addresses the controversy with reference to a major report recently commissioned by the US Congress from the National Research Council (NRC) and Institute of Medicine (IOM) (2001). The available epidemiologic evidence is substantial, but will benefit from more longitudinal data to better evaluate gaps in knowledge concerning latency of effect, natural history, prognosis, and potential for selection bias in the form of the healthy worker effect. While objective measures may be especially useful in establishing a more secure diagnosis, subjective measures better capture patient impact. Examination techniques still do not exist that can serve as a "gold standard" for many of the symptoms that are commonly reported in workplace studies. Finally, exposure assessment has too often been limited to crude indicators, such as job title. Worker self-report, investigator observation, and direct measurement each add to understanding but the lack of standardized exposure metrics limits ability to compare findings among studies. Despite these challenges, the epidemiologic literature on work-related MSDs-in combination with extensive laboratory evidence of pathomechanisms related to work stressors-is convincing to most. The NRC/IOM report concluded, and other reviewers internationally have concurred, that the etiologic importance of occupational ergonomic stressors for the occurrence of MSDs of the low back and upper extremities has been demonstrated.
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            Psychosocial work stressors as antecedents of musculoskeletal problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis of stability-adjusted longitudinal studies.

            Jessica D Lang, Elke Ochsmann, Thomas Kraus … (2012)
            Although the relationship between psychosocial workplace conditions and musculoskeletal problems has been extensively studied, the causal impact of psychosocial workplace factors in the development of musculoskeletal problems remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of baseline-adjusted prospective longitudinal studies estimating the lagged effect of psychosocial risk factors on musculoskeletal problems in industrialized work settings. A literature review was conducted by searching the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsychINFO databases dated until August 2009. The authors classified studies into categories of psychological work stressors and musculoskeletal problems. Available effect sizes were converted to odds ratios (OR). ORs were then pooled for each stressor-problem relationship using a random-effects model. Additionally, the possibility of publication bias was assessed with the Duval and Tweedie nonparametric "trim and fill" procedure. In total, 50 primary studies fulfilled inclusion criteria. Within these studies at least five effect sizes were available for 23 of the 45 possible psychosocial work stress-musculoskeletal problems relationships, leaving 9 psychosocial variables and four musculoskeletal problem areas for analyses. Of these 23 relationships, pooled OR estimates were positive and significant ranging from 1.15 to 1.66 with the largest pooled OR estimating the relationship between highly monotonous work and lower back pain. The lagged effect of low social support on lower limb problems was the only effect size for which the statistical test for bias was significant. Most psychosocial stressors had small but significant lagged effects on the development of musculoskeletal problems. Thus, organizational interventions to minimize these stressors may be promising in reducing one risk factor for the development of employee musculoskeletal problems. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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              Ergonomics and occupational safety and health: an ILO perspective.

              Shengli Niu (2010)
              The ILO has a mandate to protect workers against sickness, diseases and injuries due to workplace hazards and risks including ergonomic and work organization risk factors. One of the main functions for the ILO is to develop international standards related to labour and work. ILO standards have exerted considerable influence on the laws and regulations of member States. The ILO standards take the form of international Conventions and Recommendations. ILO Conventions and Recommendations relevant to protection of workers against ergonomic risk factors at the workplace include Convention No. 127 and Recommendation No.128 which specify the international requirements concerning the manual transport of a load. To help member States in applying the ILO standards, the ILO produces practical guides and training manuals on ergonomics at work and collects and analyses national practices and laws on ergonomics at the workplace. The ILO also conducts technical cooperation activities in many countries on ergonomics to support and strengthen the capacities of its tripartite constituents in dealing with workplace ergonomic and work organization risks. The ILO's technical cooperation activities give priorities on the promotion of voluntary, participatory and action-oriented actions to improve working conditions and work organizations of the small and medium sized enterprises. This paper reviews ILO's policies and activities on ergonomics in relation to occupational safety and health and prescribes ILO's considerations for its future work on ergonomics.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Iran J Public Health
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Iran J Public Health
                Journal ID (publisher-id): IJPH
                Journal ID (pmc): IJPH
                Title: Iranian Journal of Public Health
                Publisher: Tehran University of Medical Sciences
                ISSN (Print): 2251-6085
                ISSN (Electronic): 2251-6093
                Publication date (Print): April 2021
                Volume: 50
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 676-688
                Affiliations
                [1. ] Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [2. ] Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
                [3. ] Department of Health, Safety and Environmental Management, School of Public Health and Safety, Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                [4. ] Department of Occupational Health and Safety, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
                Author notes
                [* ] Corresponding Author: Email: asalehi529@ 123456sbmu.ac.ir
                Article
                Publisher ID: IJPH-50-676
                DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v50i4.5992
                PMC ID: 8219631
                PubMed ID: 34183917
                SO-VID: 5af6deba-1437-4cc6-8418-5af17aff3671
                Copyright © Copyright © 2021 Rabiei et al. Published by Tehran University of Medical Sciences
                License:

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 10 August 2020
                Date accepted : 05 October 2020
                Categories
                Subject: Review Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: musculoskeletal disorders,miners,systematic review,meta-analysis
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Keywords: musculoskeletal disorders, miners, systematic review, meta-analysis

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