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      Peer Groups as a Context for the Socialization of Adolescents' Motivation, Engagement, and Achievement in School

      Educational Psychologist
      Informa UK Limited

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          Classrooms: Goals, structures, and student motivation.

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            Close friend and group influence on adolescent cigarette smoking and alcohol use.

            The relative influence of adolescents closest friends and their friendship group on their cigarette smoking and alcohol use was investigated in a short-term, longitudinal study of 1,028 students in the 6th, 8th, and 10th grades in 2 school systems. The amount of influence over the school year was modest in magnitude and came from the closest friend for initiation of cigarette and alcohol use. Only the friendship group use predicted transition into current cigarette use, whereas only the close friend use predicted transition into current alcohol use. Both group and close friends independently contributed to the prediction of adolescents' drinking to intoxication. No difference in the amount of influence, was found between stable and unstable close friendships or friendship groups; neither grade nor gender of the adolescents related to the amount of influence.
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              On the importance of peer influence for adolescent drug use: commonly neglected considerations.

              Peer influence is generally believed to be a major cause of adolescent drug behavior. This paper reviews research findings on friend selection and projection to suggest that the magnitude of friend influence may be overestimated. This paper also observes that, although adolescent drug use is assumed to begin in response to peer group influence, peer groups have rarely been measured in studies of drug behavior. Social network analysis is identified as a promising method for measuring peer groups. The implications of this review for research and programs are considered.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Educational Psychologist
                Educational Psychologist
                Informa UK Limited
                0046-1520
                1532-6985
                June 2000
                June 2000
                : 35
                : 2
                : 101-111
                Article
                10.1207/S15326985EP3502_4
                5b0f9751-5751-4c6c-8094-e362a53d106f
                © 2000
                History

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