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      Análisis del Lexema Neur(o) y sus Derivados en el Aprendizaje de la Anatomía Translated title: Analysis of Neur(o) Lexeme and its Derivatives in Anatomy Learning

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN: La neuroanatomía es una de las ramas más complejas de abordar por los estudiantes por su lenguaje complejo y extenso. Es por ello que el término neuro podría favorecer su aprendizaje, debido a que múltiples conceptos y términos lo tienen incorporado como prefijo, sufijo o interfijo. El objetivo de estudio fue analizar el lexema neur(o) y los términos anatómicos asociados con el fin de comprender su significado y mejorar su aprendizaje. Para ello, se identificaron los términos anatómicos que contienen en su composición el lexema neur(o) en Terminologia Anatomica (TA) publicada el 2011 y analizados etimológica y semánticamente. El lexema neur(o) se repite en 26 términos anatómicos provenientes del latín y griego en los capítulos sistema esquelético (A02.0.00.000 Ossa; Systema skeletale), sistema muscular (A04.0.00.000 Musculi, Systema musculare), glándulas endocrinas (A11.0.00.000 Glandulae endocrinae) y sistema nervioso (A14.0.00.000 Systema nervosum). La raíz neur(o), tiene dos orígenes semánticos: del griego νευρον, como también del latín neruu(m), cuyos significados son nervio o tendón, como en el caso de “aponeurosis” (A04.0.00.47 Aponeurosis), conformado de Apó(αTTó): 'a partir de' + neur(νευρον): ‘nervio’, ‘tendón’ + -o-sis(o¯-sis): ‘proceso’, refiríendose a la membrana de tejido conjuntivo que envuelve los músculos. En conclusión, los términos anatómicos en TA poseen un origen grecolatino que hace interesante el aprendizaje, proporcionando adherencia en el proceso de aprendizaje de cada término anatómico.

          Translated abstract

          SUMMARY: Neuroanatomy is one of the most complex areas addressed by students because of its complex and extensive language. That is why the term neuro could favor its learning, because multiple concepts and terms have it incorporated as a prefix, suffix or interfix. The aim of study was to analyze neur(o) lexeme and the associated anatomical terms in order to understand its meaning and improve its learning. For this, the anatomical terms that contain neur(o) lexema in Terminologia Anatomica (TA) published in 2011 and analyzed etymologically and semantically were identified in its composition. The neur(o) lexeme is repeated in 26 anatomical terms from latin and greek in the skeletal system (A02.0.00.000 Ossa; Systema skeletale), muscular system (A04.0.00.000 Musculi, Systema musculare), endocrine glands (A11.0.00.000 Glandulae endocrinae) and nervous system (A14.0.00.000 Systema nervosum) chapters. The neur(o) root has two semantic origins: from greek νευρον, as well as from latin neruu(m), whose meanings are nerve or tendon, as in the case of “aponeurosis” (A04.0.00.47 Aponeurosis), formed by Apó(αTTó): 'from' + neur(νευρον): 'nerve', 'tendon' + -o¯-sis(o¯-sis): 'process', referring to the connective tissue membrane that surrounds the muscles. In conclusion, the anatomical terms in TA have a greek and latin origin that makes learning interesting, providing adherence in the learning process of each anatomical term.

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          The human cadaver in the age of biomedical informatics.

          Major national and international critiques of the medical curriculum in the 1980s noted the following significant flaws: (1) over-reliance on learning by rote memory, (2) insufficient exercise in analysis and synthesis/conceptualization, and (3) failure to connect the basic and clinical aspects of training. It was argued that the invention of computers and related imaging techniques called to question the traditional instruction based on the faculty-centered didactic lecture. In the ensuing reform, which adopted case-based, small group, problem-based learning, time allotted to anatomical instruction was severely truncated. Many programs replaced dissection with prosections and computer-based learning. We argue that cadaver dissection is still necessary for (1) establishing the primacy of the patient, (2) apprehension of the multidimensional body, (3) touch-mediated perception of the cadaver/patient, (4) anatomical variability, (5) learning the basic language of medicine, (6) competence in diagnostic imaging, (7) cadaver/patient-centered computer-assisted learning, (8) peer group learning, (9) training for the medical specialties. Cadaver-based anatomical education is a prerequisite of optimal training for the use of biomedical informatics. When connected to dissection, medical informatics can expedite and enhance preparation for a patient-based medical profession. Actual dissection is equally necessary for acquisition of scientific skills and for a communicative, moral, ethical, and humanistic approach to patient care. Anat Rec (New Anat) 269:20-32, 2002. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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              Historical evolution of anatomical terminology from ancient to modern.

              The historical development of anatomical terminology from the ancient to the modern can be divided into five stages. The initial stage is represented by the oldest extant anatomical treatises by Galen of Pergamon in the Roman Empire. The anatomical descriptions by Galen utilized only a limited number of anatomical terms, which were essentially colloquial words in the Greek of this period. In the second stage, Vesalius in the early 16th century described the anatomical structures in his Fabrica with the help of detailed magnificent illustrations. He coined substantially no anatomical terms, but devised a system that distinguished anatomical structures with ordinal numbers. The third stage of development in the late 16th century was marked by innovation of a large number of specific anatomical terms especially for the muscles, vessels and nerves. The main figures at this stage were Sylvius in Paris and Bauhin in Basel. In the fourth stage between Bauhin and the international anatomical terminology, many anatomical textbooks were written mainly in Latin in the 17th century, and in modern languages in the 18th and 19th centuries. Anatomical terms for the same structure were differently expressed by different authors. The last stage began at the end of the 19th century, when the first international anatomical terminology in Latin was published as Nomina anatomica. The anatomical terminology was revised repeatedly until the current Terminologia anatomica both in Latin and English.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
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                Role: ND
                Journal
                ijmorphol
                International Journal of Morphology
                Int. J. Morphol.
                Sociedad Chilena de Anatomía (Temuco, , Chile )
                0717-9502
                December 2019
                : 37
                : 4
                : 1517-1521
                Affiliations
                [7] Temuco Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad Mayor orgdiv1Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios orgdiv2Núcleo de Idiomas Chile
                [2] Temuco Araucanía orgnameUniversidad de La Frontera Chile
                [6] Coyhaique orgnameUniversidad de Aysén orgdiv1Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud Chile
                [3] Concepción Bío-Bío orgnameUniversidad de Concepción orgdiv1Facultad de Humanidades y Arte Chile
                [5] Temuco Araucanía orgnameUniversidad de La Frontera Chile
                [4] Valdivia Bío-Bío orgnameUniversidad San Sebastián orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia orgdiv2Departamento de Ciencias Morfológicas Chile
                [1] Los Ángeles Santiago de Chile orgnameUniversidad Santo Tomás orgdiv1Facultad de Salud orgdiv2Escuela de Enfermería Chile
                Article
                S0717-95022019000401517
                5b335003-d298-4b98-ba7c-40aaabb91028

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 16 June 2019
                : 20 July 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 24, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Chile


                Neuro,Neuroanatomy,Terminologia Anatomica,Aponeurosis,Neuro, neuroanatomía

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