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      Prevalencia y factores asociados al consumo de bebidas energéticas en jóvenes de la provincia de Barcelona Translated title: Prevalence and associated factors to energy drinks consumption among teenagers in the province of Barcelona (Spain)

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          Abstract

          Resumen Objetivo Analizar la prevalencia del consumo de bebidas energéticas en estudiantes de cuarto curso de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria de la provincia de Barcelona, y su asociación con características sociodemográficas y hábitos de salud. Método Estudio transversal que incluyó 8078 alumnos de centros educativos, seleccionados aleatoriamente, de 41 municipios de la provincia de Barcelona. Utilizando la Encuesta sobre hábitos relacionados con la salud se recogieron características sociodemográficas y de salud. Variables analizadas: consumo de bebidas energéticas, características sociodemográficas, hábitos de salud y prácticas de riesgo. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y bivariado. Para analizar los factores asociados al consumo de estas bebidas se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística, ajustados por sexo y edad, considerando significativo un valor de p <0,05. Resultados El 30,9% había consumido bebidas energéticas en la última semana. Según el modelo, el consumo fue mayor en los varones (odds ratio [OR]: 3,29; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%]: 2,82-3,83), migrantes de primera generación (OR: 2,46; IC95%: 2,01-3,03) e hijos de padres sin estudios (OR: 3,15; IC95% 2,08-4,77). No desayunar (OR: 1,53; IC95%: 1,17-2,00), la práctica deportiva (OR: 1,40; IC95%: 1,11-1,75), el consumo habitual de alcohol (OR: 1,51; IC95%: 1,19-1,91) y tabaco (OR: 1,79; IC95%: 1,33-2,41), y un peor rendimiento escolar (OR: 2,21; IC95%: 1,47-3,32) resultaron factores de riesgo. Conclusiones El uso de bebidas energéticas es frecuente en la población adolescente, con un patrón de consumo que varía según las características sociodemográficas, destacando el papel del sexo y los hábitos de riesgo para la salud. Una mayor evidencia sobre el consumo y sus factores de riesgo permitirá desarrollar estrategias preventivas eficaces.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract Objective To analyse the prevalence of energy drinks consumption among 4th year high school students in the province of Barcelona (Spain), and its association to sociodemographic characteristics and health related habits. Method Cross-sectional study including 8078 students from randomly selected high schools in 41 municipalities. Sociodemographic and health characteristics were collected from the Questionnaire on health related habits. Studied variables: energy drinks consumption, sociodemographic characteristics, health related habits and risk behaviours. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed. To analyse the factors associated with energy drinks consumption, logistic regression models were used, adjusting by sex and age and considering significance at p-value <0.05. Results 30.9% of the sample consumed energy drinks during the last week. According to the model, consumption was higher among men (odds ratio [OR]: 3.29; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 2.82-3.83), first generation migrants (OR: 2.46; 95%CI: 2.01-3.03), and children of parents without studies (OR: 3.15; 95%CI: 2.08-4.77). Not having breakfast (OR: 1.53; 95%CI: 1.17-2.00), practising sport (OR: 1.40; 95%CI: 1.11-1.75), regular alcohol (OR: 1.51; 95%CI: 1.19-1.91) and tobacco (OR: 1.79; 95%CI: 1.33-2.41) consumption, and a worse school performance (OR: 2.21; 95%CI: 1.47-3.32), were also risk factors for energy drinks use. Conclusions Energy drinks consumption is a prevalent habit among adolescents. Its pattern varies depending on sociodemographic characteristics, with gender playing a relevant role. Health related habits and risk behaviours have been associated too to energy drinks use. Further evidence regarding consumption and its risk factors will allow the development of effective preventive strategies.

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          Most cited references28

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          Health effects of energy drinks on children, adolescents, and young adults.

          To review the effects, adverse consequences, and extent of energy drink consumption among children, adolescents, and young adults. We searched PubMed and Google using "energy drink," "sports drink," "guarana," "caffeine," "taurine," "ADHD," "diabetes," "children," "adolescents," "insulin," "eating disorders," and "poison control center" to identify articles related to energy drinks. Manufacturer Web sites were reviewed for product information. According to self-report surveys, energy drinks are consumed by 30% to 50% of adolescents and young adults. Frequently containing high and unregulated amounts of caffeine, these drinks have been reported in association with serious adverse effects, especially in children, adolescents, and young adults with seizures, diabetes, cardiac abnormalities, or mood and behavioral disorders or those who take certain medications. Of the 5448 US caffeine overdoses reported in 2007, 46% occurred in those younger than 19 years. Several countries and states have debated or restricted energy drink sales and advertising. Energy drinks have no therapeutic benefit, and many ingredients are understudied and not regulated. The known and unknown pharmacology of agents included in such drinks, combined with reports of toxicity, raises concern for potentially serious adverse effects in association with energy drink use. In the short-term, pediatricians need to be aware of the possible effects of energy drinks in vulnerable populations and screen for consumption to educate families. Long-term research should aim to understand the effects in at-risk populations. Toxicity surveillance should be improved, and regulations of energy drink sales and consumption should be based on appropriate research.
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            Scientific Opinion on the safety of caffeine

            (2015)
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              Energy Drink Consumption in Europe: A Review of the Risks, Adverse Health Effects, and Policy Options to Respond

              With the worldwide consumption of energy drinks increasing in recent years, concerns have been raised both in the scientific community and among the general public about the health effects of these products. Recent studies provide data on consumption patterns in Europe; however, more research is needed to determine the potential for adverse health effects related to the increasing consumption of energy drinks, particularly among young people. A review of the literature was conducted to identify published articles that examined the health risks, consequences, and policies related to energy drink consumption. The health risks associated with energy drink consumption are primarily related to their caffeine content, but more research is needed that evaluates the long-term effects of consuming common energy drink ingredients. The evidence indicating adverse health effects due to the consumption of energy drinks with alcohol is growing. The risks of heavy consumption of energy drinks among young people have largely gone unaddressed and are poised to become a significant public health problem in the future.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                gs
                Gaceta Sanitaria
                Gac Sanit
                Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria (SESPAS) (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                0213-9111
                April 2021
                : 35
                : 2
                : 153-160
                Affiliations
                [2] Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona) Cataluña orgnameUniversitat Autónoma de Barcelona orgdiv1Servicio de Estadística Aplicada Spain
                [1] Barcelona orgnameDiputación de Barcelona orgdiv1Servicio de Salud Pública España
                Article
                S0213-91112021000200153 S0213-9111(21)03500200153
                10.1016/j.gaceta.2019.08.013
                5b4e005c-69f4-4b5d-bb2c-df31511f0165

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 22 August 2019
                : 14 February 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 28, Pages: 8
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Originales

                Health promotion,Adolescente,Bebidas energéticas,Cafeína,Conductas de riesgo para la salud,Promoción de la salud,Adolescent,Energy drinks,Caffeine,Health risk behaviours

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