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      Randomized controlled clinical trial of long-term chemo-mechanical caries removal using Papacarie TM gel

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          Abstract

          Objectives

          Compare the effectiveness of Papacarie TM gel for the chemo-mechanical removal of carious lesions on primary teeth to conventional caries removal with a low-speed bur with regard to execution time, clinical aspects and radiographic findings.

          Material and Methods

          A randomized controlled clinical trial with a split-mouth design was carried out. The sample was composed of 20 children aged four to seven years, in whom 40 deciduous teeth were randomly divided into two groups: chemo-mechanical caries removal with Papacarie TM and removal of carious dentin with a low-speed bur. Each child underwent both procedures and served as his/her own control. Restorations were performed with glass ionomer cement. The time required to perform the procedure was also analyzed. The patients underwent longitudinal clinical and radiographic follow-up of the restorations.

          Results

          No statistically significant difference between groups was found regarding the time required to perform the procedures and the radiographic follow up. Statistically significant differences between groups were found in the clinical evaluation at 6 and 18 months after treatment.

          Conclusion

          Papacarie TM is as effective as the traditional method for the removal of carious dentin on deciduous teeth, but offers the advantages of the preservation of sound dental tissue as well as the avoidance of sharp rotary instruments and local anesthesia.

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          Most cited references80

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          Buonocore memorial lecture. Adhesion to enamel and dentin: current status and future challenges.

          Bonding to tooth tissue can be achieved through an "etch&rinse," "self-etch" or "glass-ionomer" approach. In this paper, the basic bonding mechanism to enamel and dentin of these three approaches is demonstrated by means of ultramorphological and chemical characterization of tooth-biomaterial interfacial interactions. Furthermore, bond-strength testing and measurement of marginal-sealing effectiveness (the two most commonly employed methodologies to determine "bonding effectiveness" in the laboratory) are evaluated upon their value and relevance in predicting clinical performance. A new dynamic methodology to test biomaterial-tooth bonds in a fatigue mode is introduced with a recently developed micro-rotary fatigue-testing device. Eventually, today's adhesives will be critically weighted upon their performance in diverse laboratory studies and clinical trials. Special attention has been given to the benefits/drawbacks of an etch&rinse versus a self-etch approach and the long-term performance of these adhesives. Correlating data gathered in the laboratory with clinical results clearly showed that laboratory research CAN predict clinical effectiveness. Although there is a tendency to simplify bonding procedures, the data presented confirm that conventional three-step etch&rinse adhesives still perform most favorably and are most reliable in the long-term. Nevertheless, a self-etch approach may have the best future perspective. Clinically, when adhesives no longer require an "etch&rinse" step, the application time, and probably more importantly, the technique-sensitivity are substantially reduced. Especially "mild," two-step self-etch adhesives that bond through a combined micromechanical and chemical interaction with tooth tissue closely approach conventional three-step systems in bonding performance.
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            Patient risk factors' influence on survival of posterior composites.

            This practice-based retrospective study evaluated the survival of resin composite restorations in posterior teeth, focusing on the influence of potential patient risk factors. In total, 306 posterior composite restorations placed in 44 adult patients were investigated after 10 to 18 yrs. The history of each restoration was extracted from the dental records, and a clinical evaluation was performed with those still in situ. The patient risk status was assessed for caries and "occlusal-stress" (bruxism-related). Statistical analysis was performed by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox-regression multivariate analysis. In total, 30% of the restorations failed, of which 82% were found in patients with 1 or 2 risk factors. Secondary caries was the main reason of failure within caries-risk patients, whereas fracture was the main reason in "occlusal-stress-risk" patients. The patient variables gender and age did not significantly affect survival, but risk did (p < .001). Tooth type (p < .001), arch (p = .013), and pulpal vitality (p = .003) significantly affected restoration survival. Within the limits of this retrospective evaluation, the survival of restorations is affected by patient risk factors, which should be included in survival analyses of restorations.
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              Minimally invasive dentistry.

              During the past few decades, scientific developments in cariology, dental materials and diagnostic systems have changed dentistry's approach to diagnosis and management of dental caries. The authors summarize these developments. Dental adhesives and restorative materials, new understanding of the caries process and remineralization, and changes in caries prevlance have catalyzed the evolution in caries management from G.V. Black's "extension for prevention" to "minimally invasive." The authors describe the scientific basis for early diagnosis; a modified classification of caries based on site and size of lesion remineralization; reduction of cariogenic bacteria; and minimally invasive cavity preparation design, techniques and material selection. Minimally invasive dentistry is based on advances in science. Emerging technologies will facilitate evolution to primary prevention of caries, though technical, cultural and economic obstacles to full implementation in clinical practice now exist.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Appl Oral Sci
                J Appl Oral Sci
                Journal of Applied Oral Science
                Faculdade de Odontologia de Bauru da Universidade de São Paulo
                1678-7757
                1678-7765
                Jul-Aug 2014
                Jul-Aug 2014
                : 22
                : 4
                : 307-313
                Affiliations
                [1 ] School of Dentistry, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
                [2 ] Rehabilitation Sciences Post Graduation Program, University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
                [3 ] Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
                [4 ] Dental Clinic Post Graduation Program, Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
                [5 ] Department of Operative Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
                Author notes
                Corresponding address: Sandra Kalil Bussadori - R. Vergueiro, 235/249 - Liberdade - São Paulo - SP - 01504-001 - Brazil - Phone: +55 11 3385 9222 - e-mail: sandra.skb@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                10.1590/1678-775720130488
                4126827
                25141203
                5b941b26-dbe0-4807-babf-5e9817453280

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 18 October 2013
                : 17 January 2014
                : 28 February 2014
                Funding
                Funded by: São Paulo Research Foundation
                Award ID: 2008/08642-3
                The authors would like to thank the volunteers for their participation. This study was funded by FAPESP - São Paulo Research Foundation (Grant no. 2008/08642-3).
                Categories
                Original Articles

                dental caries,papain,dental atraumatic restorative treatment

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