Phytochemicals in  Helicobacter pylori  Infections: What Are We Doing Now?

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Abstract

In this critical review, plant sources used as effective antibacterial agents against Helicobacter pylori infections are carefully described. The main intrinsic bioactive molecules, responsible for the observed effects are also underlined and their corresponding modes of action specifically highlighted. In addition to traditional uses as herbal remedies, in vitro and in vivo studies focusing on plant extracts and isolated bioactive compounds with anti- H. pylori activity are also critically discussed. Lastly, special attention was also given to plant extracts with urease inhibitory effects, with emphasis on involved modes of action.

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Thymol, thyme, and other plant sources: Health and potential uses

Bahare Salehi, Nafiseh Nasrabadi, Antonio Segura-Carretero … (2018)

Thymol is a naturally occurring phenol monoterpene derivative of cymene and isomer of carvacrol. Thymol (10-64%) is one of the major constituent of essential oils of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L., Lamiaceae), a medicinal plant with several therapeutic properties. This plant, native to Mediterranean regions, is commonly used as a culinary herb and also with a long history of use for different medicinal purposes. Nowadays, thymol and thyme present a wide range of functional possibilities in pharmacy, food, and cosmetic industry. The interest in the formulation of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals based on thymol is due to several studies that have evaluated the potential therapeutic uses of this compound for the treatment of disorders affecting the respiratory, nervous, and cardiovascular systems. Moreover, this compound also exhibits antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticarcinogenesis, anti-inflammatory, and antispasmodic activities, as well as a potential as a growth enhancer and immunomodulator. In the present review, these bioactivities have been covered because some of them can contribute to explain the ethnopharmacology of thymol and its main source, T. vulgaris. Other important aspects about thymol are discussed: its toxicity and bioavailability, metabolism, and distribution in animals and humans.

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Salt, salted food intake, and risk of gastric cancer: epidemiologic evidence.

Shoichiro Tsugane (2004)

Because gastric cancer is still the most common cancer, its prevention is one of the most important aspects of Japan's cancer control strategy. Observations among Japanese immigrants in the USA and Brazil based on the geographic differences, the trend in cancer incidence with time, and the change in incidence patterns indicate that gastric cancer is closely associated with dietary factors, such as the intake of salt and salted food. In international and intra-Japanese ecological studies, the average salt excretion level, estimated using randomly selected 24-h urine samples in each population, was closely correlated with gastric cancer mortality. Several case-control and cohort studies, including the author's recent works, have shown that a higher intake of some traditional salt-preserved food and salt per se, which was estimated using a validated food-frequency questionnaire, was associated with a risk of gastric cancer. While salted food intake may increase the risk of Helicobacter pylori infection, it can also act synergistically to promote the development of gastric cancer. Based on substantial evidence about the association between salt and salted food intake and the risk of gastric cancer from ecological, case-control, and cohort studies conducted in Japan and other countries, as well as mechanistic plausibility, dietary modification involving less salt and salted food intake is a practical strategy with which to prevent gastric cancer.

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Anti-Helicobacter pylori flavonoids from licorice extract.

Toshio Fukai, Ai Marumo, Kiyoshi Kaitou … (2002)

Licorice is the most used crude drug in Kampo medicines (traditional Chinese medicines modified in Japan). The extract of the medicinal plant is also used as the basis of anti-ulcer medicines for treatment of peptic ulcer. Among the chemical constituents of the plant, glabridin and glabrene (components of Glycyrrhiza glabra), licochalcone A (G. inflata), licoricidin and licoisoflavone B (G. uralensis) exhibited inhibitory activity against the growth of Helicobacter pylori in vitro. These flavonoids also showed anti-H. pylori activity against a clarithromycin (CLAR) and amoxicillin (AMOX)-resistant strain. We also investigated the methanol extract of G. uralensis. From the extract, three new isoflavonoids (3-arylcoumarin, pterocarpan, and isoflavan) with a pyran ring, gancaonols A[bond]C, were isolated together with 15 known flavonoids. Among these compounds, vestitol, licoricone, 1-methoxyphaseollidin and gancaonol C exhibited anti-H. pylori activity against the CLAR and AMOX-resistant strain as well as four CLAR (AMOX)-sensitive strains. Glycyrin, formononetin, isolicoflavonol, glyasperin D, 6,8-diprenylorobol, gancaonin I, dihydrolicoisoflavone A, and gancaonol B possessed weaker anti-H. pylori activity. These compounds may be useful chemopreventive agents for peptic ulcer or gastric cancer in H. pylori-infected individuals.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Int J Mol Sci

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Int J Mol Sci

Journal ID (publisher-id): ijms

Title: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Publisher: MDPI

ISSN (Electronic): 1422-0067

Publication date (Electronic): 10 August 2018

Publication date Collection: August 2018

Volume: 19

Issue: 8

Electronic Location Identifier: 2361

Affiliations

[1 ]Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 88777539, Iran; bahar.salehi007@ 123456gmail.com

[2 ]Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 22439789, Iran

[3 ]Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan; shfarukh@ 123456mail.ru

[4 ]Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, 4070386 VIII–Bio Bio Region, Chile; mmartorell@ 123456udec.cl

[5 ]Institute of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; jolarajkovic@ 123456yahoo.com

[6 ]Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure 340252, Nigeria; ademiluyidayo@ 123456yahoo.co.uk

[7 ]Department of Medical Parasitology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol 61663335, Iran

[8 ]Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde P.O. Box 812, Cameroon

[9 ]Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal

[10 ]Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal

[11 ]Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Milan State University, via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy

[12 ]Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 11369, Iran

[13 ]Department of Chemistry, Richardson College for the Environmental Science Complex, The University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB R3B 2G3, Canada

Author notes

[* ]Correspondence: m.sharifirad@ 123456zbmu.ac.ir (M.S.-R.); tsouh80@ 123456yahoo.fr (P.V.T.F.); ncmartins@ 123456med.up.pt (N.M.); marcello.iriti@ 123456unimi.it (M.I.); javad.sharifirad@ 123456gmail.com or javad.sharifirad@ 123456sbmu.ac.ir (J.S.-R.); Tel.: +98-54-322-51-790 (M.S.-R.); +237-676620503 (P.V.T.F.); +351-22-5512100 (N.M.); +39-2-5031-6766 (M.I.); +98-21-88200104 (J.S.-R.)

Author information

Bahare Salehi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6900-9797

Farukh Sharopov https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0378-8887

Miquel Martorell https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3183-7623

Adedayo Oluwaseun Ademiluyi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8325-1304

Patrick Valere Tsouh Fokou https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3724-3527

Natália Martins https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5934-5201

Marcello Iriti https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5063-1236

Javad Sharifi-Rad https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7301-8151

Article

Publisher ID: ijms-19-02361

DOI: 10.3390/ijms19082361

PMC ID: 6121492

PubMed ID: 30103451

SO-VID: 5b9603a9-0383-4bc4-b9c6-227082ec458a

License:

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

History

Date received : 06 July 2018

Date accepted : 07 August 2018

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Phytochemicals in Helicobacter pylori Infections: What Are We Doing Now?

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Most cited references 94

Thymol, thyme, and other plant sources: Health and potential uses

Salt, salted food intake, and risk of gastric cancer: epidemiologic evidence.

Anti-Helicobacter pylori flavonoids from licorice extract.

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Cited by 34

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