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      Monolayer and multilayer adsorption isotherm models for sorption from aqueous media

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          On the Structure of a Catalyst Surface

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            A Useful Adsorption Isotherm

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              Activated carbons and low cost adsorbents for remediation of tri- and hexavalent chromium from water.

              Hexavalent chromium is a well-known highly toxic metal, considered a priority pollutant. Industrial sources of Cr(VI) include leather tanning, cooling tower blowdown, plating, electroplating, anodizing baths, rinse waters, etc. The most common method applied for chromate control is reduction of Cr(VI) to its trivalent form in acid (pH approximately 2.0) and subsequent hydroxide precipitation of Cr(III) by increasing the pH to approximately 9.0-10.0 using lime. Existing overviews of chromium removal only cover selected technologies that have traditionally been used in chromium removal. Far less attention has been paid to adsorption. Herein, we provide the first review article that provides readers an overview of the sorption capacities of commercial developed carbons and other low cost sorbents for chromium remediation. After an overview of chromium contamination is provided, more than 300 papers on chromium remediation using adsorption are discussed to provide recent information about the most widely used adsorbents applied for chromium remediation. Efforts to establish the adsorption mechanisms of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) on various adsorbents are reviewed. Chromium's impact environmental quality, sources of chromium pollution and toxicological/health effects is also briefly introduced. Interpretations of the surface interactions are offered. Particular attention is paid to comparing the sorption efficiency and capacities of commercially available activated carbons to other low cost alternatives, including an extensive table.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering
                Korean J. Chem. Eng.
                Springer Science and Business Media LLC
                0256-1115
                1975-7220
                May 2015
                April 28 2015
                May 2015
                : 32
                : 5
                : 787-799
                Article
                10.1007/s11814-015-0053-7
                5b9b5bbb-29f2-433f-8ee4-b8d41c65eefc
                © 2015

                http://www.springer.com/tdm

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