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      Breast Mass in a Rubens Painting

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          Abstract

          Deformity of the breast and axilla observed in famous paintings is a fascinating field for the medico-artists. The attempt of a retrospective diagnosis of breast tumors is highly challenging. This paper deals with a Rubens painting portraying the heroine Judith with a visible but previously unreported left breast mass. Though speculative, the present medico-artistic diagnosis is of a tumor likely to be of benign nature. It is of interest that the present case is the sixth breast disease discovered in Rubens’s works.

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          Most cited references6

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          Benign familial hypermobility syndrome and Trendelenburg sign in a painting "The Three Graces" by Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640).

          J Dequeker (2001)
          Clinical features suggestive of hypermobility syndrome and a positive Trendelenburg sign are described in a painting "The Three Graces" (1638-1640) by Peter Paul Rubens, Prado, Madrid. The most obvious findings are scoliosis, positive Trendelenburg sign, and hyperextension of the metacarpal joints, hyperlordosis, and flat feet. The sitters, presumably Hélène Fourment (second wife of Rubens) and her sisters, support the hereditary familial aspect of hypermobility. Manifest hypermobility of the hand has also been found in two other ancient paintings: "Saint Cyriaque" in the Heller Retable by Mathias Grünewald (1450-1528), Frankfurt, and "The wounded man" by Gaspare Traversi, Venice (1732-1769). The finding of signs of hypermobility in ancient paintings shows that artists who are keen observers of nature could describe, or at least record, this condition long before doctors did. The art of the past can be a useful tool in the field of paleopathology.
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            The medico-artistic phenomenon and its implications for medical education.

            A better understanding of the relationship between medicine and art could have significant implications for the role of the creative arts in medical education. This study seeks to contribute to that understanding by providing an overview of the involvement of medical practitioners in artistic creation from the Renaissance to the present--based on historical material, statements published by medico-artists in professional journals, and an informal survey of members of a Medical Art Society. Our findings support the hypothesis that there are close links between medical practice and artistic creativity, and that individuals who engage in both forms of activity find the interaction beneficial. The implications of this hypothesis are that the inclusion of practical art training in the medical curriculum would not only enrich the experience of medical students during their education, but would also enhance their later wellbeing, both while they are engaged in medical practice and after they have retired. Although this study is preliminary, we believe that we have identified a consistent relationship which, if established, would have significant implications for medical education, and which therefore merits further investigation by psychological, sociological and educational researchers. The article concludes with some suggestions for further research.
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              Did Rubens' Delilah have Mondor's disease?

              Rubens was a master of European Baroque painting and a practitioner of realism. A female model for his paintings of Samson and Delilah and the Three Graces has apparent right-sided breast abnormalities.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rambam Maimonides Med J
                Rambam Maimonides Med J
                RMMJ
                Rambam Maimonides Medical Journal
                Rambam Health Care Campus
                2076-9172
                April 2016
                19 April 2016
                : 7
                : 2
                : e0016
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Villa Salaria Clinic, Rome, Italy
                [2 ]Center for Medical Humanities, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Italy
                [3 ]School of Humanities, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, Australia
                [4 ]School of Humanities, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
                Author notes
                [* ]To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: davidelazzeri@ 123456gmail.com
                Article
                rmmj-7-2-e0016
                10.5041/RMMJ.10243
                4839543
                27101221
                5ba25d80-8a5b-4b57-ad9f-8490d327d502
                Copyright: © 2016 Lazzeri et al

                This is an open-access article. All its content, except where otherwise noted, is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Categories
                Diagnosis in Painting

                baroque,breast mass,medico-artistic,rubens
                baroque, breast mass, medico-artistic, rubens

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